Asiantum - Asiantum

A general term for the genus Pavodina in the Pteridaceae family. Approximately 200 species are distributed from the tropics to the temperate zones, and some species grow wild in Japan. The leaf edges are curved back to form an envelope, with a group of sporangia on the inside, and the petioles are shiny black or purple-brown. Peacock fern A. pedatum L. grows wild all over Japan, and its leaves are goosefoot-shaped with 8 to 13 pinnae, resembling a peacock spreading its wings. It is good for planting in the garden or in a pot. Hakone fern grows wild in Iwate Prefecture and south, and its leaflets are ginkgo-leaf-shaped with one sporangia in a depression at the tip. In traditional Chinese medicine, the whole plant is called Sekichosei, and is used as a diuretic, menstrual agent, and expectorant. A. raddianum K. Presl is native to tropical America, and there are many horticultural varieties such as Fritz-Luethii . It is strong and has a good plant shape, and is cultivated as a potted plant and is also used for wedding bouquets. In winter, it should be kept above 8°C, in partial shade and with high air humidity. A. hispidulum Sw. is distributed in the tropics of Asia, Africa and Australia, has coarse hairs all over, is dark gray-green, and the new leaves are pale pink. It is strong and can withstand dryness, but is rarely cultivated because it bleeds. A. macrophyllum Sw. and A. trapeziforme L. are large species native to tropical America and are cultivated in ornamental greenhouses. The pinnae are 5 to 6 centimeters long. The former species has monopinnate compound leaves, and the latter species has bipinnate compound leaves, so they are distinguished. Propagation depends on the division of the plant, but it is more effective to grow it from spores. It should be grown in a light, well-drained potting soil such as sphagnum moss or a mixture of leaf mold and peat moss.

[Takabayashi Masatoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イノモトソウ科のクジャクシダ属の総称。熱帯から温帯にかけて約200種が分布し、日本にも自生種がある。葉の縁が裏側に反り返って包膜状になり、内側に胞子嚢(のう)群をつけるのが特徴で、葉柄は黒ないし紫褐色で光沢がある。クジャクシダA. pedatum L.は日本各地に自生し、葉は鳥足状に8～13羽片があり、クジャクが羽を広げたようにみえる。庭に植えたり、鉢植えによい。ハコネシダは岩手県以南に自生し、小葉はイチョウ葉形で先端のくぼみに胞子嚢を1個つける。漢方では全草を石長生(せきちょうせい)と称し、利尿、通経、去痰(きょたん)剤とする。カラクサホウライシダA. raddianum K. Preslは熱帯アメリカ原産で、フリッツ・ルーシーcv. Fritz-Luethiiなど多くの園芸品種があり、強健で草姿がよく、観葉鉢物として栽培され、結婚式の花束にも使われる。冬は8℃以上に保ち、半日陰で空中湿度が高いほうがよい。アラゲクジャクA. hispidulum Sw.はアジア、アフリカ、オーストラリアの熱帯に分布し、全体に粗毛があり暗灰緑色で、新葉は淡紅色。強健で乾燥にも耐えるが、じみで栽培は少ない。ヒロハクジャクA. macrophyllum Sw.とヒシガタホウライシダA. trapeziforme L.は熱帯アメリカ原産の大形種で観賞温室などで栽培される。小羽片は5～6センチメートルになる。前種は1回羽状複葉、後種は2回羽状複葉となり区別される。繁殖は株分けにもよるが、胞子から育てるほうが有効である。水苔(みずごけ)植えまたは、腐葉土、ピートモスを混ぜた排水のよい軽い用土で育てる。

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