...meaning "Islamic elder (shaikh)," it was used as an honorific title for learned ulama from the end of the 10th century. The Seljuk Empire tried to make it a government-appointed position but failed, and the Ottoman Empire made it the title of the mufti of Istanbul (in Turkish, Şeyhülislam). He controlled the ulama, held the power to appoint and dismiss qādis (judges) and muftis, and restricted the sultan's state affairs through fatwas (opinions), becoming the de facto head of the implementation of sharia (Islamic law). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "şeyhülislam" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…〈イスラムの長老(シャイフ)〉を意味し,10世紀末から学識深いウラマーの尊称とされた。セルジューク朝は政府の任命する官職にしようとして失敗,オスマン帝国はイスタンブールのムフティーの職名とした(トルコ語でシェイヒュル・イスラムşeyhülislam)。ウラマーを統轄してカーディー(裁判官),ムフティーの任免権を握り,ファトワーfatwā(意見書)によってスルタンの国事行為を制約し,事実上シャリーア(イスラム法)施行の責任者となった。… ※「şeyhülislam」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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