Tarquinius Priscus

Japanese: Tarquinius Priscus(英語表記)TarquiniusPriscus
Tarquinius Priscus


[Ancient Roman Calendar]
The Roman calendar, which could be called a pseudo-solar calendar, consisted of 10 months (Table 4) that were adapted to the convenience of agriculture, and the two winter months, when no agricultural work took place, were not included in the calendar. Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of the monarchy, tried to introduce a 12-month calendar from the Etruscans, but failed to implement it. Therefore, even after the Republic, the year began on March 1, and administrative officials (with one-year terms of office), including the consul, took office on this day.

From [Sibyl]

According to the Roman scholar Varro of the 1st century BCE, there were ten Sibyls in total in Persia, Libya, Asia Minor, Greece, and Italy. The most famous of these was the Sibylla of Cumae (the oldest Greek colony in Italy) near Naples. She guided Aeneas, the founder of Rome, to the underworld, and also sold a book of prophecies written in hexapod verse to the fifth king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus, for a very high price. At first, the king refused, sparing the money, but she burned three of the nine volumes and demanded the same amount for the remaining six. When the king refused again, she burned three more volumes, and the king ended up buying the remaining three volumes for the original asking price.

From the Tarquinius family

…Royal family of ancient Rome. Tarquinius Priscus (reigned 616?-579? BC) and Tarquinius Superbus (reigned 534?-510? BC) were the fifth and seventh kings, respectively, and the sixth king, Servius Tullius, is said to have been raised as a member of the royal family. The two Tarquinius kings were Etruscans, and during the three generations of Etruscan monarchy, including Servius, Rome built a city, established a national system, and developed into the most powerful city-state in Latium. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Tarquinius Priscus" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【古代ローマの暦】
 擬似太陽暦ともいうべきローマの暦は,農耕の便宜に合わせた10ヵ月の月(表4)からなり,農作業のない冬季の2ヵ月は暦に入れなかった。王政時代の5代目の王タルクイニウス・プリスクスTarquinius Priscusがエトルリアから12ヵ月の暦を導入しようとしたが,実施にいたらなかった。したがって共和政になってからも年の始めは3月1日で,コンスルをはじめとする行政官(任期1年)もこの日に就任した。…

【シビュラ】より

…前1世紀のローマの学者ウァロによれば,ペルシア,リビア,小アジア,ギリシア,イタリアに全部で10人いたとされ,その中では,ナポリに近いクマエ(イタリアにおける最古のギリシア植民市)のシビュラが最も有名。彼女はローマ建国の祖アエネアスを冥府に案内したほか,ローマ第5代の王タルクイニウス・プリスクスTarquinius Priscusに六脚律詩で記された予言書を非常な高値で売りつけた。このとき王は,最初,金を惜しんで断ったが,彼女は9巻のうちの3巻を火にくべ,残る6巻にも同額を請求,王がふたたび断ると,彼女はさらに3巻を焼いたため,結局,王は残った3巻をもとの言い値で買い取ったという。…

【タルクイニウス家】より

…古代ローマの王家。タルクイニウス・プリスクスTarquinius Priscus(在位,前616?‐前579?)とタルクイニウス・スペルブスTarquinius Superbus(在位,前534?‐前510?)がそれぞれ第5,第7代の王位に就いており,また第6代目の王セルウィウス・トゥリウスは当王家の一員として養育されたと伝えられる。2人のタルクイニウス王はエトルリア人で,セルウィウスをも含めて3代にわたるエトルリア系王政時代にローマは都市を建設し,国制を整え,ラティウム随一の強力な都市国家として発展した。…

※「Tarquinius Priscus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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