tie

Japanese: tie
tie

...Generally, it refers to the shifting of accents that breaks the standard metrical pattern. Specifically, (1) the most common method is to tie the weak beat to the next strong beat with a tie (an arched line connecting two notes of the same pitch) or the like, to preempt the latter's accent, (2) to make the strong beat a pause and shift the accent to the next weak beat, or (3) to accent the weak beat and reverse the relationship of accents (see figure). This term was originally a Greek grammatical term meaning the "dropping" of a syllable, but it began to be used in music theory in the 14th century. ...

From [Railroad]

…In Japan, the Shinkansen and some private railways use standard gauge, while most JR conventional lines and private railways use narrow gauge of 1067 mm. Sleepers (or ties) precisely fix the left and right rails to keep the gauge constant, and also distribute the train load transmitted from the rails widely across the trackbed. In terms of material, sleepers are classified as wooden sleepers, concrete sleepers, and special sleepers, but in Japan, the overwhelming majority of sleepers are made of strong wood such as chestnut, cypress, and Japanese cypress, or beech and pine that have been treated with preservatives. …

From [Tie]

…Simply called a tie, it is a strip or string of cloth wrapped around the neck or shirt collar, and is mainly used to decorate men's clothing (see image). It is said to date back to the woolen scarf called a focala worn by soldiers in ancient Rome, but its direct origin is the cravat, which appeared in England and France in the 17th century. The cravat originates from the kravata, a piece of cloth worn around the neck by Croatians, and whereas previous neck ornaments were sewn to the collar of a shirt, it was a detachable scarf-like item. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "tie" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一般に,基準となる拍節パターンを破るアクセントの移動をいう。具体的には,(1)最も一般的な方法は弱拍の音を次の強拍の音とタイtie(同じ高さの2音を結ぶ弧線)などで結んで後者のアクセントを先取りさせる,(2)強拍部を休止させ,そのアクセントを次の弱拍の音にずらす,(3)弱拍の音にアクセントをかけて強弱の関係を逆にする,などがある(図)。この語は本来,音節の〈脱落〉を意味するギリシア語の文法用語であったが,14世紀にいたって音楽理論に転用されるようになった。…

【鉄道】より

…日本では新幹線および私鉄の一部が標準軌,JR在来線および私鉄の大部分は1067mmの狭軌である。 まくら木sleeper(またはtie)は軌間を一定に保つため左右レールを正確に固定するとともに,レールから伝達される列車荷重を広く道床に分布させる役目をもつ。材質的には,木まくら木,コンクリートまくら木,特殊まくら木に分類されるが,日本での敷設本数では,クリ,ヒノキ,ヒバなどの強い木材や防腐処理を施したブナ,マツなどを用いた木まくら木が圧倒的に多い。…

【ネクタイ】より

…単にタイtieともいい,首やシャツの衿の回りに巻いて結ぶ帯状,ひも状の布のことで,おもに男子服の装飾のために用いる(図)。古くは古代ローマ時代の兵士の巻いていた,フォカレfocaleと呼ぶ帯状のウールの首巻にさかのぼるといわれるが,直接の起源は17世紀のイギリスとフランスに登場したクラバットcravateであった。クラバットはクロアチアの人々が首に巻いていた布kravataに由来するもので,それ以前の衿飾がシャツの衿元に縫いつけられていたのに対し,取りはずしのできるスカーフ状のものであった。…

※「tie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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