Frankly speaking, it is the German-speaking world and Japan. That is to say, in the German-speaking world, in the early 18th century, when the feudal states were divided into several hundred, the study of merchants, Kaufmannswissenschaft, was established in the sovereign state of Prussia, and an important branch of the study called Waarenkunde was started. However, the pioneering works include the book "The Virtues of Commerce" by the Arab merchant Abū al-Faḍl al-Dimashqi (around the 11th century), the records of Italians during the Mediterranean commercial era (15th-16th centuries), and later books by French people (17th-18th centuries). *Some of the terminology that mentions "Kaufmannswissenschaft" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…率直にいって,それはドイツ語圏と日本とである。すなわち,ドイツ語圏では,数百に分断されていた18世紀初期の領邦国家の時代に,主邦プロイセンを中心に,商人学Kaufmannswissenschaftが興され,その重要な一つの分科として,Waarenkundeという名称の学問がスタートしたのである。もっとも,その先駆的業績としては,アラブの商人ディマシュキーAbū al‐Faḍl al‐Dimashqīの書《商業の美徳》(11世紀ころ),地中海商業時代のイタリア人の記録(15~16世紀),その後のフランス人の書(17~18世紀)をあげることができる。… ※「Kaufmannswissenschaft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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