Wiesbaden - Wiesbaden (English spelling)

The capital of the state of Hesse in central-western Germany. It is also called Wiesbaden. It has a population of 270,100 (2000). It is located on the right bank of the Rhine and faces Mainz, the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate. Originally it was a royal city and a tourist resort with hot springs that developed in the 18th century, and administratively it was merely the location of the district office. After Frankfurt am Main suffered heavy damage during World War II, state government agencies were established here, and many federal government agencies, such as the Federal Statistical Office, were also located here.

Hot springs, which originated in Roman times, gush forth in the old town, and hot spring-related medical facilities and accommodation facilities have also been developed. With the Taunus Mountains to the north and a warm climate, the city has become an international resort since the Industrial Revolution. It also hosts many events, including various conferences, film festivals, and theater festivals. As for industry, it includes chemical, electrical equipment, machinery, and other industries that were attracted to the southern suburbs of the city as a measure to stimulate the local economy, which had seen a sharp decline in tourists after World War I, as well as publishing and printing.

[Yoichi Asano]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツ中西部、ヘッセン州の州都。ビースバーデンともいう。人口27万0100（2000）。ライン川右岸にあり、ラインラント・プファルツ州の州都マインツと対峙(たいじ)する。元来は18世紀に発展した王宮所在都市と温泉による観光保養地で、行政的には郡役所の所在地にすぎなかった。第二次世界大戦でフランクフルト・アム・マインが大損害を受けたため州政府関係の機関が立地、さらに連邦統計局などの連邦政府関係機関も多数集まった。

　ローマ時代に起源をもつ温泉は、旧市街に湧出(ゆうしゅつ)し、温泉関係の医療施設や宿泊施設も整備されている。北側にタウヌス山地を控え気候温暖なため、産業革命以降は国際的な保養地となった。各種の会議の開催、映画祭、演劇祭などの行事も多い。工業は、第一次世界大戦後、観光客の激減にあった地域経済の振興策として市の南郊に誘致した化学、電気機器、機械などのほか、出版・印刷業などがある。

［朝野洋一］

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