Orff, Carl

Japanese: オルフ（英語表記）Orff， Carl

Born: July 10, 1895 in Munich
[Died] March 29, 1982. Munich German composer, conductor, and music educator. Graduated from the Munich Conservatory in 1914, he conducted all over Germany. In 1921, he studied under H. Kaminski, and became interested in Renaissance and Baroque music. In 1924, he helped to establish the Günther School, and taught until 1935 under the educational line of J. Dalcroze. Based on his experience at this time, he published "Schulwerk" for music education. In 1937, he composed one of his representative works, "Carmina Burana," and established his own style. In 1943, he composed "Caturi Carmina," and later many works based on Greek tragedies, such as "Antigone" and "The Triumph of Aphrodite." Orff's style emphasized rhythm, used many percussion instruments, and used simple and clear unisons and repeated melodies in fifths to create powerful and primitive effects. He taught at the Munich Conservatory from 1950 to 1960. He was awarded the Federal Merit Medal in 1959. He and his wife came to Japan in 1962 and had an impact on school music education in Japan.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1895.7.10. ミュンヘン
[没]1982.3.29. ミュンヘン
ドイツの作曲家，指揮者，音楽教育家。 1914年ミュンヘン音楽院卒業，ドイツ各地で指揮活動をし，21年 H.カミンスキーに師事，その影響でルネサンスやバロックの音楽に興味をもつ。 24年，ギュンター学校創設に助力し，J.ダルクローズの教育路線によって 35年まで教鞭をとる。このときの経験をもとにして，音楽教育用の"Schulwerk"を出版。 37年代表作の一つ『カルミナ・ブラナ』を作曲し独自の作風を確立，43年『カトゥーリ・カルミナ』，その後『アンチゴネ』『アフロディテの勝利』などギリシア悲劇を題材とした作品が多い。オルフの作風はリズムを重視し，打楽器を多く用い，そのうえに単純明快なユニゾンや5度の反復的旋律を用いて力強い原始的な効果をあげている。 50～60年はミュンヘン音楽大学で教鞭をとった。 59年連邦功績章受章。 62年夫妻で来日，日本の学校音楽教育にも影響を与えた。

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