...The rulers of the dynasty sometimes called themselves sultans, but legally they were only emirs. In the first half of the 10th century, Ibn Rā'iq (?-942), the governor of Lower Iraq, was given the title of emirs al-'umara (Grand Amir) by the caliph, and completely stripped the caliph of his secular authority. From then on, control of the eastern Islamic world, centered on Iraq, was held by the Grand Amir, including the subsequent Buyid period. The Grand Amir was not an official position that controlled lower-ranking emirs, but rather a title given to the emirs who established a military government and held real power. Those who commanded the military under him were called hajibs, and there were no other emirs. *Some of the glossaries that mention "Ibn Rā'iq" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同朝の君主はスルタンを自称することがあったが,法的には,あくまでアミールの地位にあった。10世紀の前半には,下イラクの総督イブン・ラーイクIbn Rā’iq(?‐942)が,カリフよりアミール・アルウマラー(大アミール)の称号を得,カリフの世俗的な権限を全面的に奪い,以後イラクを中心とする東方イスラム世界の支配権は,次のブワイフ朝時代をも含めて,大アミールの手に握られることになった。大アミールとは,下級のアミールを統轄する官職ではなく,あくまでも軍事政権をつくり実権を握ったアミールに対する称号であり,その下で軍隊の指揮を行うものはハージブと呼ばれ,他のアミールは存在しなかった。… ※「Ibn Rā'iq」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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