The total angular momentum of an atomic nucleus in its center of mass system. It is measured in units of ℏ (Planck's constant h divided by 2π). Nuclear spin is a combination of the intrinsic spin angular momentum (magnitude 1/2) of the protons and neutrons that compose the nucleus and the orbital angular momentum that these particles have as they move within the nucleus. If the mass number is even, the nuclear spin is an integer, and if the mass number is odd, it is half-odd. Nuclear spin is an intrinsic quantity determined by the type and state of the nucleus, and the nuclear spin of a certain nuclide usually refers to the nuclear spin in the ground state of the nucleus. The nuclear spin of a nucleus with an even mass number and even atomic number is 0 in the ground state. The value of nuclear spin is usually not very large, but it can be 10 or more in highly excited states. Nuclei with integer nuclear spin follow Bose statistics, and nuclei with half-odd nuclear spin follow Fermi statistics. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
原子核がその重心系でもつ全角運動量。ℏ(プランク定数h を 2π で割ったもの)を単位としてはかる。核スピンはその原子核を構成する陽子および中性子の固有のスピン角運動量(大きさ 1/2)と,それらの粒子が原子核内を運動しているためにもつ軌道角運動量を合成したもので,質量数が偶数ならば核スピンは整数,奇数ならば半奇数である。核スピンは原子核の種類と状態によって決まる固有の量で,通常ある核種の核スピンとはその原子核の基底状態における核スピンをいう。質量数が偶数で原子番号が偶数の原子核の基底状態での核スピンは 0である。核スピンの値は普通あまり大きくないが,高い励起状態では 10以上の値をとることがある。核スピンが整数の状態の原子核はボース統計に,半奇数の状態の原子核はフェルミ統計に従う。
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