Ojoyoshu - Collection of the Essentials for Rebirth

Japanese: 往生要集 - おうじょうようしゅう
Ojoyoshu - Collection of the Essentials for Rebirth

This Buddhist book was written in the mid-Heian period by the Tendai Buddhist monk Genshin (Eshin Sozu). He began writing it in November 984 (Eikan 2) when he was 43 years old, and finished it the following April, consisting of 3 volumes and 10 chapters. Based on the belief that the most appropriate teachings for people in this final age of corrupted times are those that show the way to rebirth in paradise, the book is a collection of key passages from sutras and commentaries on the Nembutsu required for this purpose, with 112 quotations totaling 617 passages. Among the ten chapters, the ones that are particularly noteworthy are (1) Aversion to the Impure World, (2) Seeking the Pure Land with Joy, (4) Nembutsu in Correct Practice, (5) Methods of Supplementary Mindfulness, (6) Nembutsu at Other Times, (8) Evidence of Nembutsu, and (10) Explanations of Questions and Answers. (1) and (2) show through ten joys that the Pure Land is the place to be joyfully desired, while facing up to the suffering, impurity, and impermanence of reality. The three chapters (4) to (6) explain the method of Nembutsu and the training required for it, and these are the core of this book. The Nembutsu taught there is mainly focused on contemplation, with little emphasis on chanting the name of the Buddha, and is characterized by its emphasis on mindfulness at the time of death. Next, he shows sutra passages that encourage nembutsu, and at the end, he supplements what he has said so far with a dialogue. This book can be said to be a monument that established the foundations of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism, and has had a long-lasting influence ever since, even extending to literature, art, and other customs. It is also notable that the book was sent to China after it was completed.

[Mizumaro Ishida]

"Ojoyoshu" translated by Ishida Mizumaro, 2 volumes (1963, 64, Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)""Nihon Shiso Taikei 6 Genshin" annotated by Ishida Mizumaro (1970, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

平安中期の仏教書。天台宗の僧源信(げんしん)(恵心僧都(えしんそうず))の著。43歳の984年(永観2)11月から書き始め、翌年4月に完成したもので、3巻10章からなる。濁世(じょくせ)末代の人にとって極楽(ごくらく)に往生する道を示す教えこそもっともふさわしいものであるという信念から、そのために必要な念仏について経典や論疏(ろんしょ)のなかから要(かなめ)となる文章を集めたもので、引文は112部、617文に及んでいる。10章のうち、とくに注目されるのは、(1)厭離穢土(おんりえど)、(2)欣求浄土(ごんぐじょうど)、(4)正修(しょうしゅ)念仏、(5)助念方法、(6)別時念仏、(8)念仏証拠(しょうこ)、(10)問答料簡(りょうけん)などの章で、(1)と(2)は現実の苦や不浄、無常などを直視して浄土こそ欣(よろこ)び願い求める所であることを10の楽しみによって示している。(4)~(6)の3章は念仏とそれに必要な修行の仕方を説き、これが本書の中心をなす。そこに説かれる念仏は観想が主体をなし、称名(しょうみょう)念仏の比重は低く、また臨終(りんじゅう)正念を重視した点に特色がある。ついで念仏を勧める証拠の経文を示し、最後にこれまで説いたことを問答により補足している。本書は日本浄土教の基礎を確立した金字塔ともいえるもので、以後長く多大の影響を与え、文学、美術その他習俗にまで及んでいる。脱稿後、中国に送られたことも注目される。

[石田瑞麿]

『石田瑞麿訳『往生要集』全2巻(1963、64・平凡社、東洋文庫)』『石田瑞麿校注『日本思想大系 6 源信』(1970・岩波書店)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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