...A person who is an exact duplicate of another person. In German, it is called a "doppelganger" (double), in the English-speaking world it is called a "double", in China it is called "rikon" or "rikonbyō", and in Japan it is called "bunshin", "kageboshi", "kage nobyō" (shadow disease) or "kage nowazai" (shadow trouble). It has appeared in myths, legends and superstitions since ancient times, and it was believed that the soul had separated from the body and taken on a material form, or that the appearance of a double was a sign of the person's death. For example, in China there is the following story... From "Variations"...The suite of variations that appeared at the end of the Renaissance became established, and variations for ensemble, such as JH Schein's orchestral suite, also appeared. Each country developed its own style, such as the partita in Italy (Frescobaldi) and South German (Froberger), the double (a type of ornamental variation in a suite, etc.) in the French Clubsin school (F. Couperin, Rameau, etc.), and the chorale variations for organ in Central and North German (JP Sweelinck, Schein, S. Scheidt), which were eventually unified by JS Bach in the first half of the 18th century (chorale variations for organ, canon variations, passacaglia, Goldberg Variations for harpsichord, Chaconne for solo violin, etc.). In the classical period, relatively simple ornamental variations were preferred (Haydn, Mozart, early Beethoven), but in the 19th century, Beethoven established character variations (Diabelli Variations, etc.). … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "double" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ある人と瓜二つの人のこと。ドイツ語圏の〈ドッペルゲンガー(二重身)〉のほか,英米圏では〈ダブルdouble〉,中国では〈離魂〉または〈離魂病〉,日本では〈分身〉〈影法師〉〈影の病〉〈影の煩い〉などの名で,神話,伝説,迷信などに古くから登場し,霊魂が肉体から分離して有形化したものとか,二重身の出現はその人物の死の前兆などと信じられた。たとえば,中国には次のような話がある。… 【変奏曲】より…ルネサンス末に登場した変奏組曲が定着し,J.H.シャインの管弦楽組曲のように合奏用の変奏曲も現れた。イタリア(フレスコバルディ)・南ドイツ系(フローベルガー)のパルティータ,フランス・クラブサン楽派(F.クープラン,ラモーら)のドゥーブルdouble(組曲などにおける装飾変奏の一タイプ),中・北ドイツ系(J.P.スウェーリンク,シャイン,S.シャイト)のオルガンのためのコラール変奏曲など,各国でそれぞれ独自の様式が培われ,それらはやがて18世紀前半にJ.S.バッハによって統合された(オルガンのためのコラール変奏曲,カノン風変奏曲,パッサカリア,チェンバロのための《ゴルトベルク変奏曲》,無伴奏バイオリンのためのシャコンヌなど)。 古典派では比較的単純な装飾変奏が好まれたが(ハイドン,モーツァルト,初期のベートーベン),19世紀に入るとベートーベンによって性格変奏が確立された(《ディアベリ変奏曲》など)。… ※「double」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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