Diva

...In 1911, six of D'Annunzio's works were made into films (one of them, "The Innocents," was remade by director Luchino Visconti in 1976, 65 years later, and became his last work). The actresses who played the "Fates" with their languid poses and seductive sidelong glances were called "Divas," from which the term "Divismo" (corresponding to the later star system) was born, and great actresses such as Lida Borelli, Francesca Bertini, Pina Menichelli, and Maria Iacobini reigned over the film world. The "diva film," colored by "D'Annunzioism," reached a peak in 1916 with Febo Mari's "Ashen," the film that finally featured Eleonora Duse, Italy's greatest stage actress at the time (she had once been D'Annunzio's mistress, and rumors of her starring in any film adaptation of one of his works were always circulating). However, the 58-year-old "diva" never allowed a close-up, the film was poorly received, and actress-centered filmmaking went into decline thereafter.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "diva" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…1911年には6本のダンヌンツィオ作品が映画化された(そのうちの1本《イノセント》はそれから65年後の76年にルキノ･ビスコンティ監督によって再映画化され，その遺作となった)。ものういポーズと凄艶（せいえん）な流し目で〈運命の女〉を演じた女優たちは〈ディーバdiva(女神)〉の名で呼ばれ，そこから〈ディビズモdivismo〉(のちのスター･システムに相当する)ということばも生まれ，リダ･ボレッリ，フランチェスカ･ベルティーニ，ピナ･メニケッリ，マリア･ヤコビーニといった大女優が映画界に君臨した。〈ダンヌンツィオ主義〉に彩られた〈ディーバの映画〉は，1916年に，当時イタリアの最大の舞台女優であったエレオノーラ･ドゥーゼ(かつてダンヌンツィオの愛人だったこともあって，ダンヌンツィオ作品の映画化にはかならず彼女の出演のうわさがついてまわるほどだった)が，ついにスクリーンに登場したフェボ･マリ監督《灰》で一つの頂点に達したが，58歳の〈ディーバ〉はクローズアップを一度も許さず，映画も不評で，以後は女優中心の映画づくりは下降線をたどることになる。…

※「diva」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報