Disaster film

Japanese: disaster film(英語表記)disasterfilm
Disaster film

...From the 1960s to the 1970s, the interest of young moviegoers was more directed towards the works of independent filmmakers than towards spectacular films that boasted large scale, and stars demanded profit sharing in addition to their acting fees, so the expensive spectacle films rapidly went out of fashion, but they were soon revived as new spectacle films in the Grand Hotel style, focusing on disasters on land and sea. This was a new genre called "panic films" (disaster films in America), which made use of special effects, such as "Airport" (1970), "The Poseidon Adventure" (1972), "Earthquake" (1974), "The Towering Inferno" (1975), and "The Hindenburg" (1976). These Hollywood disaster films were called "the whims of desperation," but as the sci-fi spectacle Star Wars (1977) demonstrated, spectacle films always have the potential to bring in huge profits, and film historians point out that up to five out of the ten "money makers" in the 75-year history of cinema belong to the spectacle film genre.

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "disaster film" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…60年代から70年代にかけて,若い世代の映画観客の関心がスケールの大きさを誇示するスペクタクル映画よりも独立製作者たちの作品に向けられたことや,スターたちが出演料のほかに利益配分を要求したことなどもあって,製作費のかさむスペクタクル映画は急速にすたれたが,やがて天地海陸の災害をテーマにした〈グランド・ホテル形式〉の新しいスペクタクル映画としてよみがえってくる。《大空港》(1970),《ポセイドン・アドベンチャー》(1972),《大地震》(1974),《タワーリング・インフェルノ》(1975),《ヒンデンブルグ》(1976)といった特撮を活用した〈パニック映画〉(アメリカではdisaster film,すなわち〈災難・災害映画〉)とよばれる新しいジャンルがそれである。これらのハリウッドのパニック映画は〈窮余の気まぐれ〉ともいわれたが,SFスペクタクル《スター・ウォーズ》(1977)が示したように,スペクタクル映画にはつねに大きな利益をもたらす可能性が潜在しており,映画史家の指摘によれば,映画の歴史75年の〈マネー・メーカー〉10本のうちの5本までがスペクタクル映画のジャンルに入る作品だという。…

※「disaster film」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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