In 1976, a series of morphine-like peptides were extracted from the brains of animals (the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland), and they bind specifically to opiate receptors, which are the receptors for narcotic painkillers such as morphine. Endorphins were named after the endogenous morphine-like substance endogenous morphine. Of these, pentapeptides consisting of five amino acids are called enkephalins, and methionine- and leucine-enkephalins have been isolated, and three types of endorphins have been identified: α, β, and γ. Endorphins are thought to exist in the pituitary gland and act like hormones, but their physiological significance is not well understood. It was proven that endorphins are one of the mechanisms behind acupuncture anesthesia, and this became a hot topic. [Fumiji Koho] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1976年に動物の脳内(視床下部、脳下垂体後葉)から相次いで抽出されたモルヒネ様ペプチドで、モルヒネを代表とする麻薬性鎮痛剤の受容体であるオピエイト(アヘン剤)受容体に特異的に結合する。内因性のモルヒネ様物質endogenous morphineからエンドルフィンと名づけられた。このうち、アミノ酸5個からなるペンタペプチドをエンケファリンといい、メチオニンおよびロイシン‐エンケファリンが単離されており、エンドルフィンもα、β、γの3種が同定されている。エンドルフィンは脳下垂体に存在しホルモン様の働きをしているものとみられるが、生理的意義はよくわかっていない。鍼(はり)麻酔の機序の一つがエンドルフィンにあることが証明され、話題となった。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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