Crocodilopolis

Japanese: Crocodilopolis
Crocodilopolis

…[Yoshimura Sakuji] Lake Qarun (anciently named Lake Moeris), known in ancient times as the "Southern Lake," now occupies only about one-fifth of the entire region, but before the many reclamation works carried out by the Ptolemaic dynasty, it occupied almost the entire region. The chief god of this region was Sobek, who was modeled after a crocodile, and its center was Crocodilopolis. Levallois-type paleolithic tools have been discovered on the lakeside terraces, and to the north of the lake are ruins of Egypt's oldest agricultural culture, known as the Faiyum A culture. There are also remains from the Old Kingdom period, but this region flourished most during the 12th Dynasty and the Ptolemaic period. …

From [Crocodile]

...That is, as a sacred animal symbolizing the Nile River, the source of life, the crocodile was associated with the idea of ​​the fertility and rebirth of water, while its greed and frightening appearance made it the embodiment of evil power and associated with the evil god Set, death, and the underworld. Crocodiles were also deified, and the god Sobek, depicted as a human with a crocodile's head or as a crocodile itself, was worshiped in various parts of Egypt, including Crocodilopolis (meaning "City of the Crocodile"). A large number of crocodile mummies dedicated to the god have been excavated in the Faiyum region. It is said that he conspired with Set to kill Osiris.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Crocodilopolis" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…【吉村 作治】 古代においては,〈南の湖〉といわれたカールーン湖(古代名モエリス湖)は,現在ではこの地方全体の約1/5を占めているにすぎないが,プトレマイオス朝での多くの干拓工事以前にあっては,ほぼこの地域全体を占めていた。この地方の主神はワニをかたどったソベクSobekであり,その中心地はクロコディロポリスCrocodilopolisであった。湖岸段丘からルバロア型旧石器が発見され,湖北にはファイユームA文化と呼ばれるエジプト最古の農耕文化の遺跡もあり,さらには古王国時代の遺構も残るが,この地方が最も栄えたのは第12王朝およびプトレマイオス朝時代である。…

【ワニ(鰐)】より

…すなわち生命の源であるナイル川を象徴する聖獣として,ワニは水の豊饒性や再生の観念と結びつけられる一方,その貪欲(どんよく)さと恐ろしい外観により邪悪な力の体現者として,悪神セトや死あるいは冥府と関連づけられた。ワニの神格化も行われ,ワニの頭をもつ人間,ないしはワニそのものとして表されるソベクSobek神は,クロコディロポリスCrocodilopolis(〈ワニの町〉の意)をはじめエジプト各地で崇拝され,ファイユーム地方からは同神にささげられた大量のワニのミイラが出土している。彼はセトと共謀してオシリスを殺害したともいわれる。…

※「Crocodilopolis」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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