...If you look closely at the scabies that appear on the foreskin of the fingers, you can see small insects wriggling around inside them. As a conceptual generalization of these experiences, the entity called contagium animatum was thought of. While miasma is a gaseous entity, this was thought to be a solid, living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. ... From 【Illness】… On the other hand, the idea that infectious diseases were caused by bad gases, or miasma, emanating from unclean places was widely supported, and it became clear that smallpox, venereal diseases, and certain skin diseases were transmitted by touching the affected areas. As a generalization of these concepts, the entity known as the “living contagium animatum” was thought of. Whether infectious diseases were caused by miasma or contagium was a subject of long-standing debate, but in either case, the spread of infectious diseases could be prevented by improving unclean places where miasma was generated, or by eradicating the contagium. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "contagium animatum" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…指のまたなどにできる疥癬は,すこし鋭い眼で見ると,その中に小さな虫がうごめいているのが観察される。これらの経験を概念的に一般化したものとして,コンタギウムcontagium animatumという実体が考えられた。ミアスマが気体的な実体であるのに対して,これは固体的で,眼に見えないほど小さい生きものだと考えられた。… 【病気】より… 一方,伝染病の発生は不潔な場所から生じる悪い気体,すなわちミアスマmiasmaによるという観念が広く支持され,天然痘や性病,ある種の皮膚病などは,病変部位に触れることで伝染することが明らかになっていった。これらの概念を一般化したものとして,〈生きたコンタギウムcontagium animatum〉という実体が考えられた。伝染病の原因がミアスマによるものであるのか,あるいはコンタギウムによるものかについては,長い間,議論の対象となったが,いずれにしても,ミアスマを発生するような不潔な場所を整備することによって,あるいはコンタギウムを駆除すれば,伝染病の流行を阻止できることになる。… ※「contagium animatum」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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