catabolism

Japanese: catabolism

...Thus, although the efficiency of energy conversion and acquisition is low, anaerobic organisms cleverly utilize other mechanisms to compensate for this and continue to grow and multiply actively.
[Metabolic types]
Energy metabolism and material metabolism always proceed in a closely related manner, but material metabolism that leads to the acquisition of energy is called catabolism, and metabolism that consumes energy is called anabolism (Figure 1). In catabolism, complex compounds in food and in the body, such as nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, are broken down into simple compounds such as lactic acid, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, urea, and ammonia, and the energy liberated in this process is stored in the form of high-energy phosphate compounds such as ATP or used directly as kinetic energy.

From [Assimilation]

…It is also called simply anabolism. Catabolism (or dissimilation) is the opposite, the breaking down of biological substances. Anabolism and catabolism are the two major aspects of metabolism, the former being endergonic and requiring ATP as an energy source, while the latter being exergonic and helping to produce ATP. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "catabolism" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このように，エネルギーの転換，獲得の効率は悪くても，これを補うための別のしくみを巧みに利用して，嫌気性生物は活発に生育増殖を行っているのである。
［代謝の種類］
　エネルギー代謝と物質代謝はつねに密接に関連した形で進行するが，エネルギーの獲得につながる物質代謝を異化catabolism，またエネルギーを消費する代謝を同化anabolismと呼ぶ(図1)。異化代謝においては，食物や生体内の複雑な化合物，すなわち，核酸，タンパク質，多糖，脂質などを分解して，乳酸，酢酸，二酸化炭素，尿素，アンモニアなどの簡単な化合物に変え，それらの過程で遊離するエネルギーを，ATPなどの高エネルギーリン酸化合物の形で貯蔵したり，直接運動エネルギーとして利用したりする。…