...This is generally called the Viennese action and was once popular in Germany and Vienna, and was used by Haydn, Mozart, Hummel, Beethoven, Czerny, and others. Meanwhile, in England, the push-up system was developed, and the escapement was invented in 1776. John Broadwood (1732-1812) made various improvements and completed the standard piano with the English action in the 1790s. Thus, from the end of the 18th century, the light Viennese action and the powerful English action coexisted on pianos, but with the development of public concerts in large venues, the English action won out, and Vienna also switched to the English action in the 1820s. ... *Some of the terminology referenced in "Broadwood, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これは一般にウィーン式アクションと呼ばれて一時ドイツとウィーンで流行し,ハイドン,モーツァルト,フンメル,ベートーベン,チェルニーらが愛用した。一方,イギリスでは突き上げ方式が発達し,1776年にエスケープメント(離脱装置)も発明され,ブロードウッドJohn Broadwood(1732‐1812)がさまざまな改良を加えて,1790年代にイギリス式アクションによる標準的なピアノを完成させた。このように,18世紀末からピアノには軽快なウィーン式アクションと力強い音のイギリス式アクションが共存したが,広い会場での公開演奏会の発達に伴ってイギリス式が勝利を収め,ウィーンでも1820年代にはイギリス式に移行した。… ※「Broadwood,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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