...I. Fisher came up with several test criteria for this purpose, such as the time inversion test -- for example, if the price has doubled from the base year to the comparison year, the index of the previous base year must be 1/2 if the comparison year is used as the base year -- and the element inversion test -- since price x quantity = amount, the price index multiplied by the quantity index calculated in the same way must be equal to the amount index. The Laspeyres formula and the Fisher formula do not satisfy either of the above two, but the method of taking the geometric mean of the index by the Laspeyres formula and the index by the Paasche formula, considered by Arthur Lyon Bowley (1869-1957), passes the above two tests, so Fisher called it the ideal formula. However, all the tests he presented only examine the formal properties of the index formula, and the actual meaning of the index cannot be found in them. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "Bowley, AL" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…I.フィッシャーはそのための基準として,時点転逆テスト――たとえば基準年次から比較年次までに物価が2倍になっていれば,逆に比較年次を基準にすれば,先の基準年次の指数は1/2になっていなければならない――と要素転逆テスト――価格×数量=金額であるから,指数についても,物価指数とそれと同じ方式で計算された数量指数をかけたものは金額指数に等しいという関係が成立していなければならない――などのいくつかのテスト基準を考えた。ラスパイレス算式とフィッシャー算式は上の二つのどれも満たさないが,ボーリーArthur Lyon Bowley(1869‐1957)が考察したラスパイレス算式による指数とパーシェ算式による指数の幾何平均をとって指数とする方式は上の二つのテストに合格することから,フィッシャーはこれを理想算式と呼んだ。しかし,彼が提示したテストはすべて指数算式の形式的な性質を吟味するだけのものであって,指数の実質的な意味をそこに見いだすことはできない。… ※「Bowley,A.L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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