...The reason why such a wide and diverse academic field is included under the name of Assyriology is because the first things to become known from excavations in Mesopotamia were Assyrian ruins and the Assyrian language. Early excavations were mainly carried out at Assyrian ruins around Mosul in Iraq, and in 1842, Frenchman PE Botta began excavations at Nineveh and Khorsabad, and in 1845, British scholar Layard began archaeological research at Nimrud. The main purpose of excavations during this period was the search for ancient remains, and scientific excavations using modern technology were not until the 20th century, when R. Koldewey in Babylon and W. Andrae in Ashur, but the discovery of King Ashurbanipal's library in Nineveh was a notable event that became the basis for subsequent philological research. ... From Nineveh…The ruins of the royal palace are called Quyunjuq. French consul PE Botta began excavation in 1842, and when British AH Layard joined and realized that this was the ruins of Nineveh, a fierce excavation race unfolded between Britain and France. As a result, Britain continued the excavation, unearthing not only statues but also a large number of cuneiform clay tablets, which became the basic material for Assyriology. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Botta, PE" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このような広範で多彩な学問領域がアッシリア学の名で包括されるのは,メソポタミアの発掘で最初に知られるようになったのが,アッシリアの遺跡とアッシリア語であったことに起因する。 初期の発掘はイラクのモースル周辺のアッシリアの遺跡を中心に行われ,1842年にはフランスのボッタP.E.Bottaがニネベ,コルサバードの発掘を開始し,45年にはイギリスのレヤードがニムルドで考古学的調査を開始している。この時期の発掘は古代遺物の探索が主要な目的であって,近代的技術を用いた科学的発掘は20世紀に入ってバビロンにおけるコルデワイR.Koldewey,アッシュールにおけるアンドレーW.Andraeらにまたなければならないが,ニネベにおけるアッシュールバニパル王の書庫の発見は,それ以後の文献学的研究の基礎となる特記すべき事件であった。… 【ニネベ】より…王城跡はクユンジュクQuyunjuqと呼ばれている。フランス領事ボッタP.E.Bottaが1842年に発掘を始め,イギリスのA.H.レヤードが加わって,ここがニネベの廃墟とわかると,イギリス,フランスの凄まじい発掘競争が展開された。その結果,イギリスが発掘を継続して,彫像品ばかりでなく大量の楔形文字の粘土板を発掘し,アッシリア学の基礎資料となった。… ※「Botta,P.E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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