...A genetic polymorphism is when there is a mutation in the gene frequency of about 1% or more. A balanced polymorphism is a genetic polymorphism in which the heterozygote is more advantageous in natural selection than either homozygote (this is called overdominance), and two alleles continue to coexist stably unless there is a change in the environment. An example of this is the inverted chromosome polymorphism in Drosophila. A gene that was once advantageous in natural selection and made up the majority of a population will decrease in frequency if it becomes disadvantageous due to environmental changes. *Some of the terminology that refers to "balanced polymorphism" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…遺伝子頻度にして約1%以上の変異が存在するときに遺伝的多型という。遺伝的多型のうち平衡多型balanced polymorphismはヘテロ接合体がいずれのホモ接合体よりも自然淘汰に有利である(これを超優性という)ため,2個の対立遺伝子が環境の変動がないかぎり安定して共存し続ける場合で,ショウジョウバエの逆位染色体の多型がその例である。かつて自然淘汰に有利であり,集団の大部分を占めていた遺伝子も環境変化などにより不利となれば,遺伝子頻度は減少する。… ※「balanced polymorphism」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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