Aretaios

Japanese: Aretaios
Aretaios

...Even its predecessor, dementia praecox, dates from the mid-19th century, which is a huge disparity when compared to manic-depressive illness, which has been consistently described since ancient Greece under the names mania and melancholia, and which shows how exposed it was to the view of madness of the time.
[Changes in concept]
Of course, there must have been precursors to schizophrenia that are thought to be equivalent to today's schizophrenia throughout human history, and in Greek medicine, Aretaeus and Soranus described similar symptoms. However, from the Middle Ages to the 17th and 18th centuries, there were no notable medical descriptions of schizophrenia, and in contrast to this poverty, examples such as the Virgin of Orleans, Joan of Arc, Ophelia from Shakespeare's Hamlet, and the religious leader Swedenborg vividly convey the nature of schizophrenia at the time.

From [Diabetes]

…Insulin Blood Sugar [Kikuchi Masatoshi]
[Disease History]
Treatment for diabetes was already described in ancient Egyptian medical papyrus from the 13th century BC, and the ancient Indian medical book Ayurveda also contains a fairly detailed diagnosis, stating that "heavy, wealthy, and gluttonous people are prone to suffer from this disease." Hippocrates records a disease that resembles diabetes, but it was not until the 2nd century that a clear description of diabetes was found, especially by Aretaeus, who accurately described this disease of dry mouth and polyuria and was the first to use the word diabetes as a name for the disease. In Arabic medicine, Razis and Ibn Sina described the disease, and Paracelsus in the 16th century also knew about it.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Aretaios" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その前身の〈早発(性)痴呆〉でさえ19世紀半ばからで,躁鬱病が〈マニア〉と〈メランコリア〉の名で古代ギリシアの昔から一貫して記述されてきたのに比べると,はなはだしい不均衡があり,それだけ時代の狂気観にさらされていたことになる。
[概念の変遷]
 むろん,今日の分裂病に相当すると考えられる先行形態は人間の歴史とともに存在したはずで,ギリシア医学でもアレタイオスAretaiosやソラノスによって近似の病像が描かれている。とはいえ,中世から17,18世紀ごろまでは分裂病像の医学的記述に見るべきものがなく,この貧困さに対して,オルレアンの処女ことジャンヌ・ダルク,シェークスピア《ハムレット》のオフィーリア,宗教家スウェーデンボリらの例は当時の分裂病のありようを生き生きと伝えて余すところがない。…

【糖尿病】より

…インシュリン血糖【菊池 方利】
【疾病史】
 糖尿病は,すでに古代エジプトの前13世紀の医学パピルスに治療法が記載されており,古代インドの医書《アーユル・ベーダ》にもかなり詳細な診断が記載され,〈体重が重く,金持ちで大食の人がかかりやすい〉と書かれている。ヒッポクラテスには糖尿病を思わせる病気の記録はあるが,糖尿病についてはっきりとした記載がみえるのは後2世紀になってからであり,とくにアレタイオスAretaiosがこの口渇と多尿の病気を正確に記述し,diabētēsという語を初めて病名に使った。アラビア医学ではラージーとイブン・シーナーがこの病気について述べており,16世紀のパラケルススも知っていた。…

※「Aretaios」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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