...In fact, it often coexists with β + decay, but when β + decay is impossible due to energy balance (the emission of a positron requires lifting an electron from a negative energy state to a positive energy state, so the decay energy is at least twice the mass of the electron), only electron capture occurs. Historically, its existence was theoretically predicted in 1935 by Hideki Yukawa and Shoichi Sakata (1911-70), and it was first experimentally verified in 1938 by American Luis Walter Alvarez (1911-88). Since the only particles emitted are neutrinos, their detection can only be achieved by observing the characteristic X-rays or Auger electrons emitted when an electron is captured and falls from the upper orbit into the vacancy. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Alvarez, LW" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…実際,β+崩壊と共存していることが多いが,β+崩壊がエネルギーのつり合いから不可能な場合(陽電子の放出には負のエネルギー状態にある電子を正のエネルギー状態へもち上げねばならないので,少なくとも電子質量の2倍に相当する崩壊エネルギーが必要である)には電子捕獲しか起こらない。歴史的には1935年に湯川秀樹と坂田昌一(1911‐70)によってその存在が理論的に予言され,38年にアメリカのアルバレズLuis Walter Alvarez(1911‐88)が初めて実験的に検証した。放出される粒子が中性微子だけであるので,その検出には電子が捕獲され,あいた空孔へ再び電子が上の軌道から落ちるときに放出される特性X線かオージェ電子の観測によらざるをえない。… ※「Alvarez,L.W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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