Wakasa Province - Wakasa no Kuni

The old name of the province in the southwest of Fukui Prefecture. The region consists of Obama city and the three counties of Mikata, Mikata Kaminaka, and Oi. Blessed with cultural assets, there are many things to see, including shell mounds, ancient tombs, salt-making ruins, temples and shrines, sculptures, ancient documents, and folk performing arts. It is located in Chugoku, one of the Hokuriku roads. The provincial capital is identified as Fuchu, Obama city. The province's name was first seen in the Nihon Shoki, in March of the third year of Emperor Suinin's reign. The salt and fishing industries have been thriving since ancient times, and salt and various marine products were paid as taxes, both of which developed throughout the Middle Ages. After Tsutsumi Tadasue became Shugo during the Kamakura period, the position was passed down to the Hojo clan as a regent's domain, and then it was passed down to the Yamana, Hosokawa, Shiba, and Isshiki clans, and in 1440 (Eikyo 12) it was passed down to the Takeda clan, and continued for nine generations until 1570 (Genki 1). In ancient and medieval times, many famous manors were established here, such as Tara Manor, which was under the control of Toji Temple. In 1573 (Tensho 1), Niwa Nagahide entered Obama, and in 1587, Asano Nagamasa was given the whole of Wakasa Province. Nagamasa issued a set of seven articles outlining the basic principles for governing the peasants, and the following year conducted a general land survey of the domain. The land surveyed at that time was over 85,000 koku, which became the standard for village tax in the Obama domain thereafter. Afterwards, the Kinoshita clan and the Kyogoku clan took over, and in 1634 (Kan'ei 11), Sakai Tadakatsu was appointed with 113,500 koku and established his domain. The fief included Tsuruga District, Echizen Province (Tsuruga City, Fukui Prefecture) and Takashima District, Omi Province (Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture), but there have been some changes since then. In 1640, Matsuki Choso, the village headman of Shindo Village, Onyu District (Shindou, Wakasa Town, Mikata Kaminaka District), became the headman and started an uprising to demand a reduction in the annual tax. It is said that Choso was crucified in 1652 (Shoo 1), but there is a lack of solid historical documents and many points remain unclear. Later, in 1783 (Tenmei 3) and 1833 (Tenpo 4), large-scale destruction occurred. Fishing has been a thriving industry since the previous era, and seafood was transported to Kyoto via the Kurihan Highway that passed through Kumagawa-shuku and reached Omi. Other famous products include paulownia oil, known as "korobi," Wakasa brushes, Wakasa lacquerware, and agate crafts. The domain school was called Junzokan and was founded in 1774 (An'ei 3). There were many scholars, and Sugita Genpaku, Nakagawa Junan, and Ban Nobutomo were all samurai of the Obama domain. After the Meiji Restoration, the domain passed through Obama, Tsuruga, and Shiga prefectures, before merging with Echizen in 1881 (Meiji 14) to form Fukui Prefecture. His geographical works include "Shusui Zatsuwa," "Wakasa Kou," and Nobutomo's "Wakasa Kujikou."

[Yoshihiko Hayata]

"History of Fukui Prefecture, 3 volumes (old edition, 1920-21, Fukui Prefecture)" ▽ "Wakasa Fishing Village Historical Materials, compiled by the Fukui Prefecture Local History Discussion Group (1963, Fukui Prefectural Library)" ▽ "History of Obama City, 13 volumes, supplement (1987-98, Obama City)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

福井県の南西部にあたる旧国名。小浜(おばま)市と三方(みかた)・三方上中(かみなか)・大飯(おおい)の3郡からなる地域。文化財に恵まれ、貝塚、古墳、製塩遺跡、寺社や彫刻類、古文書、民俗芸能にみるべきものが多い。北陸道の一つで中国。国府は小浜市府中に比定。国名の初見は『日本書紀』垂仁(すいにん)天皇3年3月。古代以来塩業と漁業が盛んで、調(ちょう)として塩や諸種の海産物を納め、これらは、ともに中世を通じて発達した。鎌倉時代に津々見忠季(つつみただすえ)が守護になったあと、守護職(しき)は北条氏の得宗領として相伝され、さらに山名、細川、斯波(しば)、一色(いっしき)氏と交代し、1440年（永享12）武田氏にかわり、1570年（元亀1）まで9代続いた。なお、古代・中世には東寺(とうじ)領太良荘(たらのしょう)など著名な荘園が多く置かれた。1573年（天正1）丹羽長秀(にわながひで)が小浜に入り、87年には浅野長政(ながまさ)が若狭一国を与えられた。長政は農民支配の基本原則を示す7か条の条々を発布し、翌年領内の総検地を行った。このときの検地高は8万5000石余で、以後小浜藩の村高の基準とされた。その後木下氏、京極氏とかわり、1634年（寛永11）酒井忠勝(ただかつ)が11万3500石で入封して定着した。領知高には越前(えちぜん)国敦賀(つるが)郡（福井県敦賀市）と近江(おうみ)国高島郡（滋賀県高島市）を含むが、以後若干の変動がみられる。1640年、遠敷(おにゅう)郡新道(しんどう)村（三方上中郡若狭町新道）庄屋(しょうや)松木長操(ちょうそう)が総代となり年貢減免を要求する一揆(いっき)を起こした。長操は52年（承応1）磔刑(たっけい)に処せられたと伝えるが、確たる史料に乏しくなお不明な点が多い。のち1783年（天明3）と1833年（天保4）に大規模な打毀(うちこわし)が起こった。産業は前代からの漁業が盛んで、海産物は熊川宿を通って近江に至る九里半(くりはん)街道で京に運ばれた。そのほか「ころび」とよばれた桐油(きりあぶら)、若狭筆、若狭塗、めのう細工などが著名。藩校は順造館といい1774年（安永3）創立。学者も多く杉田玄白(げんぱく)、中川淳庵(じゅんあん)、伴信友(ばんのぶとも)などは小浜藩士だった。維新後、小浜、敦賀、滋賀県を経て1881年（明治14）越前と合併して福井県となる。地誌に『拾椎(しゅうすい)雑話』『稚狭(わかさ)考』、信友の『若狭旧事考』などがある。

［隼田嘉彦］

『『福井県史』全3巻（旧版・1920～21・福井県）』▽『福井県郷土誌懇談会編『若狭漁村史料』（1963・福井県立図書館）』▽『『小浜市史』13巻・付録（1987～98・小浜市）』

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