Ekaterinburg (English spelling) Ekaterinburg

Japanese: エカチェリンブルグ - えかちぇりんぶるぐ(英語表記)Екатеринбург/Ekaterinburg
Ekaterinburg (English spelling) Ekaterinburg

The capital of Sverdlovsk Oblast in central Russia. Located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains, on the banks of the Iset River, it is a large city and the center of industry, culture, and transportation in the Urals. Population: 1,272,900 (1999). Originating from an iron metallurgical factory built in 1723, the city's favorable geographical location led to the establishment of a mining bureau to oversee mining in the Central Urals, and commerce also developed. In 1801, the city had a population of 10,000, making it the most populous city in the Urals. In the late 18th century, it became a center of metal processing, and the population further increased with the opening of the railway in 1878, but the major development was after the Russian Revolution. Large machine manufacturing factories such as "Uralmash" and "Uralelektrochajmash" were built in the five-year plan before World War II, and many evacuated factories from the west were established there during World War II, and industry developed significantly. The center of industry is the machine industry, producing steel, chemical industry equipment, turbines, bearings, etc. The steel and chemical (plastics, rubber) industries have also developed, along with a variety of other industries including shoemaking, carpet making, flax processing, food (meat, confectionery), and prefabricated housing construction.

As the educational and cultural center of the Urals, it has a university, as well as universities of electrical machinery, railway technology, transportation, agriculture, law, medicine, architecture, mining, forestry, national economy, and education. It also has various theaters, a large geological museum, a symphony orchestra, newspapers, radio and television stations. 50% of the city area is green space consisting of forests and farmland, and the green space per resident is over 100 square meters. It forms a metropolitan area with neighboring satellite cities, and as a transportation hub, seven railways and four highways radiate from the city, and there are two airports. It is known as the place where the last Russian emperor, Nicholas II, and his family were imprisoned and murdered. Until 1924, it was called Ekaterinburg after the Russian Empress Catherine, but it was renamed Sverdlovsk in commemoration of the revolutionary Sverdlov, and when the Soviet Union collapsed in December 1991, it was renamed back to its former name.

[Taizo Nakamura and Toshio Omata]

[References] | Ural

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦中部、スベルドロフスク州の州都。ウラル山脈の東斜面、イセチ川河畔に位置する大都市で、ウラルの工業、文化、交通の中心地。人口127万2900(1999)。1723年に鉄冶金(やきん)工場が建設されたのを起源とし、地理的位置に恵まれたことから、中部ウラルの鉱業を監督する鉱山局が置かれ、商業も発展した。1801年には人口1万を数え、ウラル第一の人口数であった。18世紀後半に金属加工の中心地となり、1878年の鉄道開通もあってさらに人口は増加したが、大発展はロシア革命後のことである。第二次世界大戦前の五か年計画で「ウラルマシ」「ウラルエレクトロチャジマシ」などの機械製作の大工場がつくられ、第二次世界大戦中も西部からの疎開工場が多数立地し、工業は著しく発展した。その中心は機械工業であり、製鉄、化学工業用設備、タービン、ベアリングなどを生産している。鉄鋼、化学(プラスチック、ゴム)工業も発展し、ほかに製靴、じゅうたん、亜麻(あま)加工、食品(食肉、菓子)、プレハブ住宅建設工業など各種の工業がある。

 ウラルの教育と文化の中心地として、総合大学をはじめ、電気機械、鉄道技術、交通、農業、法科、医科、建築、鉱山、林業、国民経済、教育などの単科大学がある。また、各種劇場、大規模な地質博物館、交響楽団があり、新聞社、ラジオ、テレビ局もある。市域の50%は森林と農地からなる緑地で、住民1人当りの緑地面積は100平方メートルを超える。近郊の衛星都市と大都市圏を形成し、交通の中心として、市から7本の鉄道、4本のハイウェーが放射状に走り、二つの空港がある。ロシア最後の皇帝ニコライ2世とその家族が幽閉、殺害された所として知られている。1924年まで、ロシアの女帝エカチェリーナにちなみ、エカチェリンブルグと称したが、革命家スベルドロフを記念してスベルドロフスクに改称され、91年12月のソ連崩壊に伴い、ふたたび旧名に復した。

[中村泰三・小俣利男]

[参照項目] | ウラル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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