Von Recklinghausen's disease

Japanese: レックリングハウゼン病 - レックリングハウゼンびょう(英語表記)Von Recklinghausen's disease
Von Recklinghausen's disease

What is the disease?

Traditionally, Neurofibromatosis ( New scientist ) With the development of genetic diagnosis, what was previously called von Recklinghausen's disease has been divided into type 1 and type 2, and Recklinghausen's disease now refers to type 1. There are differences in the genetic abnormalities, with type 1 being characterized by strong skin symptoms and type 2 being characterized by Brain tumors ( Newcomer ) It seems safe to say that this type of symptom is more pronounced.

Recklinghausen's disease is a genetic disease Autosomal dominant ( Senior citizen food supporter ) It is hereditary, but it is possible that neither parent has the condition.

In Japan, the number of patients is estimated to be 30 to 40 per 100,000 population, making it one of the more common single genetic diseases.

Immediately after birth, the baby will only have a few brownish flat spots (cafe au lait spots). If there are six or more, this disease may be suspected. From childhood to around puberty, soft spots of various sizes ranging from a few millimeters to several tens of centimeters appear on various parts of the body, although the degree of appearance may vary. Subcutaneous mass ( Hikashryu ) (Neurofibroma) appears (Figure 72). The number may increase rapidly and innumerably, or it may increase slowly. In some cases, they may become huge and hang down from the surface of the skin. Sometimes, subcutaneous tumors may become malignant, which can be fatal.

The changes in the internal organs are varied, spine ( Spinal cord ) of Scoliosis ( Sokuwan ) Symptoms include eye changes, brain tumors, spinal nerve neurofibromas, intellectual disability, respiratory lesions, circulatory lesions, and digestive tract lesions. However, the severity of these changes varies, and not all symptoms are present. In particular, brain tumors are rare in type 1 and rare in type 2. Acoustic neuroma ( Chief appointee ) In type 2, skin symptoms seem to be less common than in type 1.

Testing and diagnosis

If you notice many brownish flat birthmarks after birth, carefully monitor the progress. Subcutaneous tumors will gradually appear, making diagnosis easy. Inspections for internal organ lesions are often performed using imaging diagnostics (X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, etc.).

Treatment methods

Since it is basically a genetic disease, the treatment is symptomatic. There are some reports that the growth of neurofibromas can be suppressed by continuing to take anti-allergy drugs, but this is not yet common.

Skin lesions are mainly Neurofibroma ( Shinkei warrior ) However, because there are so many of them, it is necessary to remove more than 200 at once. Mass ( Production ) Even if the tumor is removed, the appearance may not change much. However, if the tumor grows rapidly, there is a possibility that it may become malignant, so it is better to remove it as soon as possible and perform a pathological tissue diagnosis.

For lesions of the internal organs, treatment needs to be tailored according to the individual changes and symptoms.

What to do if you notice an illness

If you are born with several or more brown spots, please consult a specialist as soon as possible. In this case, if there are significant changes in the skin, you will likely visit a dermatologist or plastic surgeon, and if there is significant neurological damage, a neurosurgeon or neurologist. Regardless of which department you visit, you will be monitored over the long term and any changes in your condition will be treated appropriately. Genetic counseling may also be necessary, so please consult with your doctor first.

Hiroshi Yasuda

Figure 72 Recklinghausen's disease
">

Figure 72 Recklinghausen's disease


Recklinghausen's disease
(Childhood illnesses)

Recklinghausen's disease is a type of nevus. Dominant ( Yuseiden ) It is a congenital disease that shows a pattern. Its incidence in Japan is thought to be about 1 in 3,000 people. It has been proven to be caused by a genetic abnormality on chromosome 17.

If you have six or more milk coffee-like birthmarks (cafe au lait spots) on your skin since birth, you are more likely to have this disease. Also, if you have small or large soft tumors on your skin since puberty, Neurofibroma ( Shinkei warrior ) ) gradually appear. The size and number of these vary from person to person. Other than the skin, abnormalities in the eyes and bones may also be observed, but this also varies from person to person.

Cutaneous neurofibromas may be surgically removed for cosmetic or functional reasons. Individuals diagnosed with Recklinghausen's disease should be monitored regularly by a doctor to manage the various symptoms that may occur, including eye and bone abnormalities.

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

 従来、神経線維腫症(しんけいせんいしゅしょう)と呼ばれていたものが遺伝子診断の発達により1型と2型に分けられて、レックリングハウゼン病は1型を指すようになりました。遺伝子の異常に違いがあり、1型は皮膚症状が強く出るタイプで、2型は脳腫瘍(のうしゅよう)などが強く出るタイプと考えてよいようです。

 レックリングハウゼン病は遺伝病で常染色体優性(じょうせんしょくたいゆうせん)遺伝ですが、両親にこの症状がない場合もあります。

 日本での患者数は人口10万人に30~40人とされ、単一の遺伝病としては頻度が高い部類に入ります。

 出生直後は茶褐色の平らな斑(カフェオレ斑)が複数個以上みられるだけです。とくに6個以上あると、この疾患の可能性が考えられます。児童期~思春期前後から、程度の差はあれ、体のさまざまな部位に数㎜~数十㎝にわたる大小さまざまな軟らかな皮下腫瘤(ひかしゅりゅう)(神経線維腫)が現れてきます(図72)。数が次々と無数に増える場合と、ゆっくり増える場合とがあります。場合によっては巨大化し、皮膚面からぶらさがるように大きくなることもあります。時に皮下腫瘍が悪性化する場合もあり、その例では致命的になります。

 内臓の変化はさまざまで、脊椎(せきつい)側弯(そくわん)、眼の変化、脳腫瘍、脊椎神経の神経線維腫、知能障害、呼吸器の病変、循環器の病変、消化管の病変などがあります。ただしこの変化も程度がさまざまで、すべての症状があるわけではありません。とくに脳腫瘍は1型では少なく、2型では聴神経腫瘍(ちょうしんけいしゅよう)を中心としたものが多くみられます。2型の場合は皮膚の症状は1型に比べ少ないようです。

検査と診断

 生後に気づいた茶褐色の平らなあざが多い場合は、注意深く経過をみます。次第に皮下腫瘤が現れてくるので診断は容易です。内臓病変などの検査は画像診断(X線、CT、MRIなど)によることが多くなります。

治療の方法

 基本的に遺伝的疾患なので、対症療法になります。神経線維腫の増加が抗アレルギー薬の内服を続けると抑制されるという報告もありますが、まだ一般的ではありません。

 皮膚の病変は主に神経線維腫(しんけいせんいしゅ)の見た目の問題を考え、気になるところを切除していきます。しかし数があまりに多いため、一度に200個以上の腫瘤(しゅりゅう)を切除しても、あまり見た目が変わらない場合もあります。ただ急激に腫瘤が大きくなる場合は悪性化の可能性があるため、病理組織診断を兼ねて早めに切除したほうがよいでしょう。

 内臓の病変に対してはそれぞれの変化、症状に応じて対処が必要になります。

病気に気づいたらどうする

 生まれつきの茶褐色斑が数個以上ある場合は、早めに専門医に相談してください。この場合、皮膚の変化が強いと皮膚科や形成外科を、神経病変が強いと脳神経外科や神経内科を受診するケースが多いと思います。いずれの科を受診しても、長い経過をみながら各病状の変化に対し適宜対応することになります。また遺伝相談が必要な場合もあり、まずは担当医と相談してください。

安田 浩

図72 レックリングハウゼン病
">

図72 レックリングハウゼン病


レックリングハウゼン病
(子どもの病気)

 レックリングハウゼン病は母斑症のひとつで、優性遺伝(ゆうせいいでん)形式を示す先天性疾患です。日本における発生頻度は約3000人に1人と考えられています。17番染色体上の遺伝子異常で起こることが証明されています。

 生まれた時から皮膚にミルクコーヒー様のあざ(カフェオレ斑)が6個以上みられれば、この病気の可能性が高いとされています。また、思春期ごろから皮膚に大小の軟らかい腫瘍(神経線維腫(しんけいせんいしゅ))が少しずつできてきます。個人により、その大きさや数はさまざまです。皮膚以外では眼や骨の異常などを認めることがありますが、やはり個人差があります。

 皮膚の神経線維腫は、美容的あるいは機能的な目的で手術を行うことがあります。レックリングハウゼン病と診断された場合は、眼や骨の異常も含めて起こりうるさまざまな症状に対処していくため、定期的に医師の診察を受け、経過を観察してもらうことが必要です。

出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報

<<:  Queue - Queue

>>:  Rexroth - Kenneth Rexroth

Recommend

Vega, G - Vega G

...If a is a positive number other than 1 and x i...

Akan River

This river originates from Lake Akan in Akan Natio...

Trusteeship - Shintakutouchi (English spelling) trusteeship

The system established by the United Nations as a...

Lending interest rate - Kashidashikinri

The interest rate that banks and other financial i...

Human relations - ningen kankei (English spelling)

Human relations refers to the internal and real re...

Geometrical text - Kikagakumon

Abstract patterns that combine straight lines and ...

Chart - chert (English spelling)

A type of siliceous sedimentary rock, it is a fin...

Stable fly (stinging fly) - Stable fly

A general term for insects belonging to the Dipter...

Kishibe Tile Kiln - Kishibe Tile Kiln

...The recently excavated Nishigamo tile kiln com...

Shi Chong; Shih Ch`ung

[Born] Kahei 1 (249) [Death] Nagayasu 1 (300) A we...

verkitschen

...Therefore, it includes a sense of wonder and s...

Steamed turnip - Turnip insect

…It is hard to give up the taste of small turnips...

Engineering method - Kouteisahou (English name)

An official architectural technique book compiled ...

Kitayama Seitaro

...On the other hand, commercial animation has al...

Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Mravinskiy

Russian conductor. He studied composition and con...