Reclams Universal-Bibliothek

Japanese: レクラム文庫 - れくらむぶんこ(英語表記)Reclams Universal-Bibliothek
Reclams Universal-Bibliothek

The German "Reclam Encyclopedia" is a series of small, inexpensive books. It was first published in 1867 with Goethe's Faust as its first volume. In the same year, a law came into effect that set the copyright protection period at 30 years after the death of the copyright holder, making royalties unnecessary. This prompted the publication of many inexpensive series of classical literary works. Among them, the Reclam series gained a reputation for its solid editing, strict revisions, and sales policy of selling all items separately, and eventually came to be called the "standard of culture" for Germans. The texts included in the series initially consisted of classic German literary works, but soon included translations of literature from various countries, Greek and Roman classics, academic documents on philosophy and law, opera librettos, and dictionaries, and are now literally an encyclopedia, with a breadth and diversity unmatched by any other book. In 1912, vending machines for the collection were installed (until 1940), and the total number of titles published was 7,500 by the end of World War II, over 15,000 in the late 1990s, and more than 20,000 as of 2011. After the war, the company, which had been in Leipzig, was placed under trusteeship by the East German government, and the family moved to Stuttgart in West Germany to take over the company, splitting into East and West (in this case, "Reclam Library" refers to the latter publications), but in 1992, after German reunification, the former was absorbed by Stuttgart. The collection is now divided into six categories, with covers of different colors for each genre, such as yellow for traditional classics, green for commentary series, and orange for bilingual versions. Reclam also publishes other books, but this collection is the most distinctive, and is often used as teaching material at universities. In Japan, it is also known as the model for the Iwanami Library.

[Osamu Edai]

[References] | Copyright | Paperback

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの小型廉価本シリーズ「レクラム百科文庫」のこと。ゲーテ『ファウスト』を第1巻として1867年に創刊。同年、著作権保護期間を著作権者の没後30年に定めた法律が発効し、印税支払いが不要になったことが契機となり、古典文芸作品の廉価版シリーズが多数刊行され始めた。そのなかでもレクラム文庫は、手堅い編集、厳密な校訂、全品分売の販売方針などによって評判を高め、ついにはドイツ人の「教養の規範」と称されるまでになる。収録テクストは当初ドイツ文芸の古典作品から出発しつつ、じきに各国文学の翻訳、ギリシアやローマの古典、哲学・法律などの学術文献、オペラ台本や事典なども収めてゆき、いまでは文字どおり百科全書のように類書にない広がりと多様性を備えている。1912年には同文庫の自動販売機まで設置され(1940年まで)、通算発行点数は第二次世界大戦末期までに7500点、1990年代後半で1万5000点を超え、2011年時点では2万点以上といわれる。大戦後、それまでライプツィヒにあった会社は東ドイツ政府の信託管理となり、一族は西ドイツのシュトゥットガルトに移って社を継承し、東西に分立したが(この場合「レクラム文庫」は後者発行のものをさす)、ドイツ再統一後の1992年、前者はシュトゥットガルト社に吸収合併された。いまでは全体が6分野に分かれ、従来路線の古典作品などは黄色、その解説シリーズは緑色、対訳2か国語版はオレンジ色など、ジャンルごとに表紙の色を変えている。レクラム社には他の出版物もあるが、なによりもこの文庫が特徴的であり、大学などで教材として利用されることも多い。日本では岩波文庫の範となったことでも知られている。

[江代 修]

[参照項目] | 著作権 | 文庫本

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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