The name of a red corundum gemstone. It is also called ruby. It is found in recrystallized carbonate rocks, contact metamorphic rocks of argillaceous origin, or in placer deposits derived from these. The red color is due to trivalent chromium (Cr 3+ ), which can amount to several percent in some cases. Synthetic rubies are also made by adding chromium trioxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) to pure alumina melt. Its mineralogical properties are the same as those of pure corundum, but it does not develop the cleavage commonly seen in the mineral corundum. In Japan, it was discovered at the Kiura Mine (closed) in Ume Town, Oita Prefecture (now Ume, Saiki City), but small amounts have also been reported in Gifu Prefecture and Shikoku. The main producing areas are Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, etc. Since there is no stable supply source like diamonds, it is more expensive than diamonds. As a gemstone, it is the second hardest after diamond, and is used in abrasives, watch bearings, lasers, etc. It is the birthstone for July. It comes from the Latin rubeus, which means red. [Akira Kato December 13, 2018] [Reference] | | | | |©Central Gem Laboratory "> Ruby ©Central Gem Laboratory "> Ruby (Corundum) [Raw Stone] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
赤色を呈するコランダムの宝石名。紅玉(こうぎょく)ともいう。再結晶炭酸塩岩中、泥質岩起源の接触変成岩、あるいはこれらから導かれた砂鉱(漂砂鉱床)中に産する。赤い色は三価のクロム(Cr3+)によるもので、多いものでは数%に及ぶ。合成ルビーも純粋なアルミナ溶融物に三二酸化クロム(Cr2O3)を添加してつくられる。鉱物学的諸性質は純粋なコランダムのものと一致するが、鉱物であるコランダムによくみられる裂開は発達しない。日本では大分県宇目(うめ)町(現、佐伯(さいき)市宇目)の木浦(きうら)鉱山(閉山)から発見されたが、岐阜県や四国でも微量を産することが報告されている。主要産地はミャンマー、タイ、スリランカ、マダガスカルなど。ダイヤモンドのように安定した供給源がないため、これより価格は高い。宝石としてはダイヤモンドに次いで硬く、研磨剤、時計の軸受、レーザーなどに使用される。7月の誕生石。赤を意味するラテン語rubeusに由来する。 [加藤 昭 2018年12月13日] [参照項目] | | | | |©中央宝石研究所"> ルビー ©中央宝石研究所"> ルビー(コランダム)〔原石〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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