American lawyer and politician. Born in Clinton, New York. After graduating from Hamilton College and New York University, he opened a law firm and became a successful lawyer. He then entered politics, and served as Secretary of War from 1899 to 1904 at the request of the 25th President, McKinley. During this time, he started military reform and founded the Military College. In 1905, he was asked by the 26th President, T. Roosevelt, to become Secretary of State, where he served until 1909. During his time as Secretary of State, he was devoted to international cooperation and world peace, building friendly relations with Latin American countries, and in 1908 concluded the Takadaira-Root Agreement with Japan, working to ease tensions between the United States and Japan by opening the country to China and protecting Japanese immigrants. He served as a senator from 1909 to 1915. He also became a judge at the Permanent Court of International Arbitration in The Hague in 1910. His efforts in mediating disputes between nations were recognized, and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912. He later served as plenipotentiary at the Washington Naval Conference in 1921. He was also elected as the first president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [Editorial Department] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの法律家、政治家。ニューヨーク州クリントンに生まれる。ハミルトン大学、ニューヨーク大学を卒業後、法律事務所を開き、弁護士として成功を収めた。その後、政界に転じ、第25代大統領マッキンリーの要請で、1899年から1904年まで軍事長官を務める。この間、軍制改革に着手、軍事大学校を創設した。1905年、今度は第26代大統領T・ルーズベルトに要請されて国務長官に就任、1909年まで務めた。国務長官時代、彼は国際協力、世界平和に心を砕き、中南米諸国との友好関係を築き、1908年には日本との間に高平‐ルート協定を締結し、中国の門戸開放、日本人移民の保護など、日米間の緊張緩和に努めた。1909年から1915年まで上院議員となった。また、1910年にハーグの常設国際仲裁裁判所の判事についている。このような国家間の紛争の調停に活躍したことが評価され、1912年のノーベル平和賞が授与された。その後、1921年のワシントン海軍軍縮会議では全権委員を務めた。そのほか、カーネギー国際平和財団の初代理事長に選ばれている。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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