Italian politician and economist. Professor of Finance at the University of Turin since 1902, member of the Lincei Academy, contributor to the newspapers Stampa, Corriere della Sera and Unita, editor-in-chief of Riforma Sociale (1908-1935) and Rivista di Storia Economica (1935-1943), and lifelong Senator since 1919, except for a short time. Defender of classical liberal theory, he fought for equalization of taxes and moralization of parliamentary life. He was also a staunch free trader, and maintained a clear opposition to reformism like Giolitti's and to Fascism. After the armistice in September 1943, he went into exile in Switzerland, returning to Italy after the war. He served as Governor of the Bank of Italy (1945-1948), as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Budget in the Fourth De Gasperi Cabinet, where he carried out the devaluation of the Italian currency and established the economic foundations of centrist politics, and later as the first President of the Republic (1948-1955). [Yasuro Shigeoka] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの政治家、経済学者。1902年以来トリノ大学財政学教授、リンチェイ・アカデミー会員、『スタンパ』『コルリエーレ・デッラ・セーラ』両紙および『ウニタ』誌の寄稿家であるとともに、『リフォルマ・ソチャーレ』誌(1908~1935)と『リビスタ・ディ・ストリア・エコノミカ』誌(1935~1943)の主筆であり、1919年以来、短期間を除いて生涯上院議員でもあった。古典的自由主義理論の擁護者として、税の均等化と議会生活の道徳化のために戦った。徹底した自由貿易論者でもあり、ジョリッティのような改良主義に対しても、ファシズムに対しても明確に反対の態度を堅持した。1943年9月の休戦後スイスに亡命し、終戦後、帰国。イタリア銀行総裁(1945~1948)、第四次デ・ガスペリ内閣に副首相兼予算相として入閣、平価切下げを断行して中道政治の経済的基礎を築いた。ついで共和国初代大統領を務めた(1948~1955)。 [重岡保郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: The virtue of the Eijin era
…It has been epidemic all over the world since an...
A private national policy research institute on a ...
…He studied classical and romantic composers, and...
... The maximum average method is a method of all...
...A group of abstract art that developed in the ...
In 1972, ice hockey separated from the Japan Skat...
⇒Church of England Source: About Shogakukan Digita...
...It is located at the western end of the Bay of...
…For this purpose, a certain format and proofread...
Born: June 14, 1924, Uddingston [Died] March 21, 2...
…(8) A curve expressed by r = f (θ) ( f is monoto...
...The area is 15,080 km2, and the population is ...
…Although the viewpoints and approaches are diffe...
In the snow, they are called "kuwaragutsu.&qu...
(Abbreviation for "Law Concerning the Protect...