Italian politician and economist. Professor of Finance at the University of Turin since 1902, member of the Lincei Academy, contributor to the newspapers Stampa, Corriere della Sera and Unita, editor-in-chief of Riforma Sociale (1908-1935) and Rivista di Storia Economica (1935-1943), and lifelong Senator since 1919, except for a short time. Defender of classical liberal theory, he fought for equalization of taxes and moralization of parliamentary life. He was also a staunch free trader, and maintained a clear opposition to reformism like Giolitti's and to Fascism. After the armistice in September 1943, he went into exile in Switzerland, returning to Italy after the war. He served as Governor of the Bank of Italy (1945-1948), as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Budget in the Fourth De Gasperi Cabinet, where he carried out the devaluation of the Italian currency and established the economic foundations of centrist politics, and later as the first President of the Republic (1948-1955). [Yasuro Shigeoka] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの政治家、経済学者。1902年以来トリノ大学財政学教授、リンチェイ・アカデミー会員、『スタンパ』『コルリエーレ・デッラ・セーラ』両紙および『ウニタ』誌の寄稿家であるとともに、『リフォルマ・ソチャーレ』誌(1908~1935)と『リビスタ・ディ・ストリア・エコノミカ』誌(1935~1943)の主筆であり、1919年以来、短期間を除いて生涯上院議員でもあった。古典的自由主義理論の擁護者として、税の均等化と議会生活の道徳化のために戦った。徹底した自由貿易論者でもあり、ジョリッティのような改良主義に対しても、ファシズムに対しても明確に反対の態度を堅持した。1943年9月の休戦後スイスに亡命し、終戦後、帰国。イタリア銀行総裁(1945~1948)、第四次デ・ガスペリ内閣に副首相兼予算相として入閣、平価切下げを断行して中道政治の経済的基礎を築いた。ついで共和国初代大統領を務めた(1948~1955)。 [重岡保郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: The virtue of the Eijin era
…There are several uses of the term social pathol...
A noun derived from the conjunctive form of the ve...
…It occurs as a phenocryst in potassium-rich alka...
… [Morita Tatsuyoshi]. … *Some of the terminology...
…(1) normal vision, which focuses an image on the...
The jurisdiction that a consul has over his own na...
1960- A sports journalist from the late Showa to ...
The world's largest American automobile compan...
…Italian architect. He led the Roman Baroque afte...
…When translating from European languages to Ja...
An Indian linguist from the 6th to 5th centuries B...
A small city in Katowice Voivodeship in southern P...
... L . purpurata Lindl. ex Paxt. has pink or pur...
The name of a school of Joruri. It belongs to the...
A general term for devices (elements, functional p...