For example, the relationship between authoritarian personality and anti-democratic ideology (fascism, ethnocentrism, anti-Semitism, etc.) (M. Horkheimer and TW Adorno's research), and the relationship between conservative or radical ideology and tough mind or tender mind (A. Ferguson and HJ Eysenck's research). Another thing that cannot be overlooked in the history of ideology theory is the theory of the "end of ideology" that was publicized by Daniel Bell (1919- ) and Seymour M. Lipset (1922- ) in the 1950s and 1960s. The gist of this argument is that with the arrival of "affluent societies" in advanced capitalist countries, the idea of total social transformation through class struggle lost its effectiveness. From [Post-industrial Society]...A society in which industries related to information, knowledge, and services play an important role instead of industries based on materials and energy, or a society that pursues economic growth and moves away from an industrial-centered approach through this. The term post-industrial society was first used by American sociologist Daniel Bell and others in the mid-1960s, and has since come to be used by many people, although the meaning and nuance varies from person to person. According to Bell, a post-industrial society is a society in which the center of gravity of economic activity shifts from the production of goods to services (especially advanced information services), and the role of professional and technical workers known as the "knowledge class" increases, and the style of organizational management changes from one that emphasizes efficiency to a "sociological style" that also takes into account factors outside the economy. ... From [Culture]...However, for example, in modern sociology, rather than asking what culture is, the question has shifted to what effect or function culture plays in society. According to American sociologist Daniel Bell, the problem with culture in modern post-industrial society is that culture is becoming detached from social structure. The parts of the "social structure" of industrial society, such as the organization of labor, the allocation of duties, and the allocation of status in factories and companies, are premised on functional rationality, the principle of least cost, and values based on the theory of deferred desire. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Bell, D." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…たとえば権威主義的パーソナリティと反民主主義的イデオロギー(ファシズム,自民族中心主義,反ユダヤ主義など)との関係(M.ホルクハイマーやT.W.アドルノの研究),保守主義ないしは急進主義的イデオロギーと剛直な気質tough mindないし柔和な気質tender mindとの関係(A.ファーガソンやH.J.アイゼンクの研究)などがそれである。なおイデオロギー論の歴史で見落とせないものとしてもう一つ,1950年代から60年代にかけてベルDaniel Bell(1919‐ )やリプセットSeymour M.Lipset(1922‐ )らによって喧伝された〈イデオロギーの終焉〉論がある。その主張の要点は,先進資本主義諸国における〈豊かな社会〉の到来とともに,階級闘争を通じての社会の全面的変革という理念はその効力を失った,というものである。… 【脱工業社会】より…物質とエネルギーを基礎とする工業に代わって,情報,知識,サービスなどに関する産業が重要な役割を果たすようになる社会,あるいは,そのことを通じて,経済成長を追求し産業中心志向を脱する社会のこと。脱工業社会という言葉は,1960年代の半ばころからアメリカの社会学者ベルDaniel Bellらによって用いられはじめ,その後,人によって意味やニュアンスの違いをともないながらも,多くの人々によって使われるようになった。 ベルによれば,脱工業社会とは,財の生産からサービス(とくに高度な情報サービスなど)に経済活動の重心が移行し,それにともなって〈知識階級〉と呼ばれる専門・技術職層の役割が大きくなり,組織運営の様式も効率重視のものから経済外的諸要因をも配慮する〈社会学化様式〉に変わっていく社会である。… 【文化】より…しかし,たとえば,現代の社会学においては,文化とは何かと問うことよりも,文化は社会のなかでいかなる作用や機能を果たしているかが問題とされるようになっている。アメリカの社会学者ベルDaniel Bellによると,現代の脱工業社会における文化の問題とは,文化が社会構造から乖離(かいり)してきていることである。工場や企業における労働組織や職務配分,地位の配置など産業社会の〈社会構造〉とされている部分は,機能合理性,最小コストの原則,欲望延期説的な価値を前提としている。… ※「Bell,D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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