Abbreviation - ryakugo

Japanese: 略語 - りゃくご
Abbreviation - ryakugo

A shortened word made by removing part of it. Usually, it is created to make a long word more concise. For example, "Kintetsu" is used for "Kinki Nippon Railway." It can also be abbreviated as slang among friends, that is, as slang. One example is "Juku" for "Shinjuku." When it is a proper noun, it is also called an abbreviation.

When words are abbreviated, the pronunciation may change from the original word, such as when "Waseda University" becomes "Waseda" and "Parent-Teacher Association" becomes "PTA." There are also cases where the original form is various, such as "pro" (professional), such as "program," "propaganda," "production," and "professional," but the abbreviated form is the same. Methods of abbreviation include omitting the upper part ("(Takara)zuka," "(Yoko)hama"), omitting the lower part ("Aji(shon)," and taking out parts in bits and joining them together ("Ko(togaku)gakko," "Ke(sei)dan(tai)ren(gokai)").

[Hideo Suzuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

語の一部を省いて短くしたもの。普通は、長い語を簡潔によぶためにつくる。たとえば「近畿日本鉄道」を「近鉄」というたぐいである。また、仲間内だけのことばとして、つまり隠語として、省略して用いることもある。「新宿」を「ジュク」というのはその例である。固有名詞のときは略称ともいう。

 語を省略する際、「早稲田(わせだ)大学」を「早大」、「Parent-Teacher Association」を「PTA」と称するように、もとの語と発音の変わる場合もある。また、「プロ」のように、もとの形は「プログラム」「プロパガンダ」「プロダクション」「プロフェッショナル」などさまざまであるのに、省略した形は同じになるという場合もある。省略の仕方は、上を省くもの(「(宝)ヅカ」「(横)ハマ」)、下を省くもの(「アジ(テーション)」)、飛び飛びに抜き出してつなぎ合わせるもの(「高(等学)校」「経(済)団(体)連(合会)」)などがある。

[鈴木英夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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