Richthofen, Ferdinand von Wilhelm

Japanese: リヒトホーフェン(英語表記)Richthofen, Ferdinand von Wilhelm
Richthofen, Ferdinand von Wilhelm
Born: May 5, 1833, Karlsruhe
[Died] October 6, 1905. Berlin German geographer and geologist. In 1860, he joined the German Far East Economic Mission and visited Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Japan, Taiwan, Celebes (Sulawesi), the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, and other places. From 1863 to 1868, he was involved in geographical surveys in California. In 1868, he returned to the Far East and traveled to the interior of China. In 1872, he returned to Germany and taught geography at the University of Bonn from 1875 to 1879. He was president of the Berlin Geographical Society and founded the Berlin International Geographical Society and the Berlin Oceanographic Society. He mainly studied China and contributed to the development of geographical methodology. He also established geomorphology, which was previously a branch of geology, and is concerned with continental and undersea topography. His main works include China, Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und daraufgegründeter Studien (5 volumes, 1877-1912).

Richthofen
Richthofen, Manfred, Freiherr von

Born: May 2, 1892 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland)
Died: April 21, 1918. Somme, France. German air force officer. Baron. During World War I, he led a squadron of fighters and invented the formation combat technique. He flew a three-winged Fokker plane that he painted crimson red, earning him the nickname "The Red Baron." He recorded an unprecedented 80 kills (79 British and 1 Belgian), but was killed in action over the Somme.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1833.5.5. カルルスルーエ
[没]1905.10.6. ベルリン
ドイツの地理学者,地質学者。 1860年ドイツ極東経済使節団に加わり,セイロン (現在のスリランカ) ,日本,台湾,セレベス (スラウェシ) ,フィリピン,マレー半島などを訪れた。 63~68年カリフォルニアで地理学的調査に従事。 68年極東に帰り中国の奥地を旅行。 72年ドイツに帰り,75~79年ボン大学で地理学を教えた。ベルリン地理学協会会長であり,ベルリン国際地理学協会やベルリン海洋学会などを創設。中国をおもな研究地域として,地理学方法論の発展に貢献した。さらにこれまで地質学の一分野であった大陸や海底地形に関する地形学を樹立した。主著に『中国』 China,Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und daraufgegründeter Studien (5巻,1877~1912) がある。

リヒトホーフェン
Richthofen, Manfred, Freiherr von

[生]1892.5.2. ドイツ,ブレスラウ(現ポーランド,ウロツワフ)
[没]1918.4.21. フランス,ソンム
ドイツの空軍軍人。男爵。第1次世界大戦中,戦闘機中隊を率いて活躍。編隊による戦闘技術を創案した。みずからも真紅に塗った3枚翼のフォッカー機に搭乗し,「レッド・バロン」 (赤い男爵) の異名をもつ。撃墜数は未曾有の 80機 (イギリス機 79,ベルギー機1) を記録したが,ソンム上空で戦死。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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