Right to reimbursement - Right to reimbursement (English)

Japanese: 利得償還請求権 - りとくしょうかんせいきゅうけん（英語表記）Wechselbereicherungsanspruch

When the rights of a bill or check are extinguished due to procedural omission (failure to carry out the procedure for preserving the rights, failure to prepare a protest letter, etc.) or by prescription, the holder, who is no longer able to exercise his rights on the bill, has the right to demand repayment of the benefit or funds he has gained from the debtor (the issuer or endorser of a promissory note, the issuer or endorser of a bill of exchange, or the payee who has guaranteed payment) to the extent that he has gained from the benefit (Bills and Checks Law 85, Cheques Law 72). While the rights of the bill holder are extinguished by a relatively short prescription or by failure to present for payment within the legal presentment period, the debtor is thereby completely exempt from the debt on the bill and retains the benefit or funds he has obtained by exchanging the bill. It is unfair to the issuer, acceptor, or other debtors of the bill to gain such benefits, and this system was established to achieve fairness between the creditor and the debtor of the bill. A type of right under bills of exchange.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

手形，小切手上の権利が，手続の欠缺 (権利保全手続を怠る，拒絶証書の作成を怠るなど) ，または時効によって消滅した場合，これによって手形上の債務を免れた債務者 (約束手形の振出人，裏書人，為替手形の振出人，裏書人，支払保証した支払人) に対し，手形上の権利を行使することができなくなった所持人が，その利得した限度で，その利得の対価または資金の償還を請求することができる権利 (手形法 85，小切手法 72) 。手形所持人の権利が，比較的短期の時効によって消滅し，また法定の呈示期間内の支払呈示を怠ることによって消滅する反面，手形債務者は，それにより手形上の債務を完全に免れ，手形の授受によって取得した対価または資金をそのまま保持することになる。振出人，引受人など手形債務者にこのような利得を得させるのは不公平であり，手形債権者，債務者間の衡平をはかるため認められた制度。手形法上の権利の一種。

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