Lister - Joseph Lister

Japanese: リスター - りすたー(英語表記)Joseph Lister
Lister - Joseph Lister

British surgeon. One of the founders of sterile surgery. Born in Upton, Essex. His father, Joseph Jackson Lister (1786-1869), is known for his improvements in achromatic lenses and microscopes. After earning his doctorate from the University of London in 1852, he moved to Edinburgh and studied under the surgeon James Sims (1799-1870). In 1856, he married Sims' daughter, worked at the Royal Infiltrators' Hospital, and became professor of surgery at the University of Glasgow in 1860. In 1865, inspired by Pasteur's research that fermentation and putrefaction were caused by microorganisms, he believed that suppuration was not caused by oxygen in the air or the spontaneous generation of bacteria, as was believed at the time, and in the following year, 1866, he used carbolic acid on compound fractures and achieved results. The results were serialized in the British medical journal The Lancet from March to July 1867 under the title "A New Treatment of Compound Fractures and Abscesses." He continued to develop disinfectants and aseptic methods. He was also responsible for the use of disinfectant catgut (sutures). He became a professor at the University of Glasgow in 1869 and at King's College, London in 1877. He became president of the Royal Society in 1895. After his death, the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine was established in his memory, and it became the center of bacteriological research in Britain.

[Nakagawa Rice Brewing]

[References] | Surgery | Pasteur

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの外科医。無菌手術の創始者の一人。エセックス県アプトンの生まれ。父のジョセフJoseph Jackson Lister(1786―1869)は、色消しレンズや顕微鏡の改良で知られる。1852年ロンドン大学で学位を得たのち、エジンバラに移り、外科医ジェームス・サイムJames Sims(1799―1870)に師事した。1856年にはサイムの娘と結婚、王立インフィルマリー病院に勤務し、1860年グラスゴー大学外科教授となる。1865年、パスツールの発酵も腐敗も微生物によっておこるという研究にヒントを得て、化膿(かのう)は、当時信じられていたように、空中の酸素や菌の自然発生によるものでないと考え、翌1866年、複雑骨折に石炭酸を用いて成果を得た。この結果は「複雑骨折および膿瘍(のうよう)の新治療法」と題して、イギリスの医学雑誌『ランセット』に1867年3月から7月まで連載された。その後さらに消毒剤や無菌法の開発に努めた。消毒腸線(縫合糸)の使用も彼による。1869年グラスゴー大学、1877年ロンドンのキングズ・カレッジの教授。1895年王立協会会長。死後、記念のためリスター研究所Lister Insitute of Preventive Medicineが設けられ、イギリスにおける細菌学研究のセンターとなる。

[中川米造]

[参照項目] | 手術 | パスツール

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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