German playwright. Born into a Prussian military aristocratic family, he was educated with the imperial princes and served as a lancer in World War I, but later became an ardent pacifist. He is often compared to Kleist, who came from a similar family background, and his expressionist plays, The Officer (1910) and Before the Decision (1915, Kleist Prize winner), are works that criticize obedience and discipline from a humanistic standpoint. His work The Clan (premiered in 1918), which uses abstract techniques to portray the horrors of war, became a representative work of expressionism as a humanitarian anti-war play. After the war, as class struggle intensified, his idealistic humanitarianism gradually lost its power. He published Prince Louis-Ferdinand, Bonaparte, and the musical The Fair, and went into exile in the United States in 1932. After returning to Japan in 1952, he wrote works such as "Wilhelmus von Oranien" (1953) and the comedy "Bismarck," but these no longer received much attention. [Tatsuji Iwabuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの劇作家。プロイセンの軍人貴族の家系の出身で、皇帝の王子たちとともに教育を受け、槍(そう)騎兵将校として第一次世界大戦に従軍したが、熱烈な平和主義者に転向した。家柄の似たクライストによく比較されるが、表現主義的な『士官』(1910)、『決定の前』(1915。クライスト賞)は、服従や規律を人間的な立場から批判した作品である。抽象的な手法で戦争の悲惨を訴えた『一族』(1918初演)は、人道的な反戦劇として表現主義の代表作となった。戦後、階級闘争が激しくなると、彼の理想主義的人道主義はしだいに力を失った。『王子ルイ・フェルディナンド』『ボナパルテ』、音楽劇『フェア』などを発表、1932年にアメリカに亡命。52年帰国後も『ウィルヘルムス・フォン・オラーニェン』(1953)、喜劇『ビスマルク』などを書いたが、もはやほとんど反響がなかった。 [岩淵達治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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