Lagash (English spelling)

Japanese: ラガシュ - らがしゅ(英語表記)Lagaš
Lagash (English spelling)

A city in Sumer in southern Mesopotamia. The ruins are located in a marsh and are called Al Hibba. In cuneiform writing, it is written "town where birds swarm" and was pronounced Lagash. Around 2500 BC, Ur-Nanshe founded the dynasty (c. 2500-c. 2350 BC) and became a powerful city in Sumer, but constantly had border disputes with the neighboring city of Umma. Lagash formed the complex of Lagash with Girsu (now Telloh), Nina (now Surghul), and other small cities. Ur-Nanshe's grandson Eannatum boasts in the famous "Vulture Inscription" that he conquered not only the Sumerian-Akkadian region but also the cities of Elam. However, during the reign of King Urukagina (around 2350 BCE), Lagash, excluding Girsu, was destroyed by Lugalzagesi of Umma. About 200 years later, Lagash was temporarily restored by King Gudea, but it gradually declined during the Third Dynasty of Ur, and its name does not appear in records after the Kassite period.

[Mamoru Yoshikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代メソポタミア南部、シュメールの一都市。遺跡は沼沢の中に位置し、アル・ヒッバAl Hibbaとよばれる。楔形(くさびがた)文字では「鳥の群がる(町)」と書かれ、ラガシュと読まれた。紀元前2500年ごろウル・ナンシェが王朝(前2500ころ~前2350ころ)を創設し、シュメールの有力都市となったが、隣接都市ウンマとはつねに境界紛争を重ねた。ラガシュはギルスGirsu(現名テッローTelloh)、ニナNina(現名スルグルSurghul)その他の小都市とともに複合都市ラガシュを形成していた。ウル・ナンシェの孫のエアンナトゥムは有名な「禿鷹(はげたか)碑文」のなかで、シュメール・アッカド地方のみならずエラムの諸都市をも征服したと誇っている。しかし、ウルカギナ王のとき(前2350ころ)、ギルスを除くラガシュはウンマのルガルザゲシによって滅ぼされた。約200年後、グデア王によってラガシュは一時再興されるが、ウル第三王朝時代にはしだいに衰退し、カッシート時代以後は記録にその名が現れなくなった。

[吉川 守]

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