Lyman, Benjamin Smith

Japanese: ライマン（英語表記）Lyman， Benjamin Smith

Born December 11, 1835 in Northampton, Massachusetts.
[Died] August 30, 1920. Philadelphia. American geologist. After graduating from Harvard University, he worked on a geological survey in Iowa under the supervision of J. Hall, and later studied at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris and the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Freiberg, Germany. In 1872, he was invited by the Hokkaido Development Commission to Japan, where he developed the Ishikari coalfield and created Japan's first comprehensive geological map, the Nihon Ezo Geological Map (76). He also began a nationwide oil field survey (77), the results of which were published as Nihon Yuden no Geological and Topographical Maps (82). Lyman was the first scholar to contribute to modern Japanese geology, and together with E. Naumann, he is considered the founder of Japanese geology. In 1881, he left Japan and worked for the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, where he proposed the theory that "petroleum accumulates in the anticlines of strata," which is widely accepted today.

Lyman
Lyman, Theodore

Born November 23, 1874 in Boston, Massachusetts.
[Died] October 11, 1954, Brooklyn American physicist. His father was a marine biologist. He graduated from Harvard University in 1900. After staying at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge and Göttingen, he returned to his alma mater and became director (1910-47) and professor (21-25) of the Jefferson Physical Laboratory. He was a member of many academic societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, the Philosophical Society, and the Physical Society, and served as president of some of them. He was also an honorary researcher at the Royal Institution and other societies. He studied spectroscopy and discovered the Lyman series in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum of the hydrogen atom in 1906. He was awarded the Rumford Medal from the Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Cresson Medal from the Philosophical Society.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1835.12.11. マサチューセッツ，ノーサンプトン
[没]1920.8.30. フィラデルフィア
アメリカの地質学者。ハーバード大学卒業後，J.ホールの指導で，アイオワ州の地質調査に従事し，のちパリの高等鉱山学校，ドイツのフライベルク鉱山学校に学んだ。明治5 (1872) 年北海道開拓使の招きで来日し，石狩炭田の開発，日本最初の総合的な地質図『日本蝦夷地質要略之図』 (76) の作成にあたる。また全国油田調査事業に着手 (77) ，その結果は，『日本油田之地質及地形図』として出版された (82) 。ライマンは近代の日本地質学に貢献した最初の学者で，E.ナウマンとともに日本地質学の創始者。 1881年日本を去り，ペンシルバニア州地質調査所に勤務し，今日広く認められる「石油は地層の背斜部に集積する」という説を出した。

ライマン
Lyman， Theodore

[生]1874.11.23. マサチューセッツ，ボストン
[没]1954.10.11. ブルックリン
アメリカの物理学者。父は海洋生物学者。ハーバード大学卒業。 1900年学位取得。ケンブリッジのキャベンディッシュ研究所，ゲッティンゲンに滞在後，母校に戻り，同大学ジェファーソン物理学研究所所長 (1910～47) ，教授 (21～25) 。アメリカ科学アカデミー，哲学会，物理学会など多くの学会に所属し，一部会長もつとめたほか，イギリス王立研究所などの名誉研究員でもある。分光学を研究し，06年水素原子のスペクトルの紫外部にライマン系列を発見した。芸術・科学アカデミーからランフォード・メダル，哲学会からクレッソン・メダルなどを受賞した。

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