Reich

Japanese: ライヒ
Reich
American composer. Also known as Reik. Born in New York. In his teens, he became interested in JS Bach and Stravinsky, and after studying philosophy, he studied at the Juilliard School from 1953 to 1957. In 1961, he studied under Milhaud and Berio at Mills College in Oakland. In the 1970s, he studied folk music from Ghana and Indonesia. With music based on the repetition of short motifs, he became a promoter of minimal music alongside Riley and Philip Glass (1937-). After composing works such as Drumming (1970-1971) for percussion, voice, and whistling, and Music for 18 Musicians (1976) for instruments and female voices, he composed large-scale pieces in the 1980s, such as Desert Music (1982-1984) for instruments and chorus based on poems by WC Williams, and the orchestral work The Four Sessions (1987). Other well-known works include Different Trains (1988) for string quartet and tape, written for the Kronos Quartet, and his musical activities have had a major impact on the worlds of jazz and rock.

Reich

Austrian-born psychoanalyst. His book Character Analysis (1932) marked the beginning of ego-psychological psychoanalysis. He is known in particular for his theory of the "sexual revolution," which advocated the liberation of sex from social oppression. He also attempted to integrate psychoanalysis with Marxism, but was expelled from the German Communist Party in 1933 and from the International Psychoanalytic Society the following year. After his exile in the United States in 1939, he began to suffer from mental disorders, and claimed the existence of a cosmic energy called "orgone energy." He sold metallic "orgone boxes" that collected this energy, claiming that entering them would cure sexual disorders, but he was charged with violating the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act and died in prison in misfortune. He was reevaluated during the rise of the counterculture in the late 1960s. His other books include The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933) and The Sexual and Cultural Revolution (1945).

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
米国の作曲家。ライクとも。ニューヨーク生れ。10代でJ.S.バッハやストラビンスキーに関心を寄せ,哲学を習得後1953年−1957年ジュリアード音楽学校に学ぶ。1961年オークランドのミルズ・カレッジでミヨーとベリオに師事。1970年代,ガーナやインドネシアの民族音楽を研究。短いモティーフの〈反復〉を核とした音楽でライリーやフィリップ・グラス〔1937-〕らと並ぶミニマル・ミュージックの推進者となった。打楽器と声,口笛などによる《ドラミング》(1970年−1971年),器楽と女声のための《18人の音楽家のための音楽》(1976年)などを経て,1980年代以後はW.C.ウィリアムズの詩による器楽と合唱のための《砂漠の音楽》(1982年−1984年),管弦楽曲《ザ・フォー・セッションズ》(1987年)などの大編成の作品も作曲。ほかに,クロノス・クァルテットのために書かれた弦楽四重奏とテープのための《ディファレント・トレインズ》(1988年)などが知られ,その音楽活動はジャズやロックの世界にも多大な影響を与えている。

ライヒ

オーストリア生れの精神分析学者。著書《性格分析》(1932年)によって自我心理学的精神分析の端緒を開いた。とりわけ,社会的抑圧からの性の解放を唱えた〈性革命〉理論で知られる。また精神分析とマルクス主義との統合を試みるが,1933年ドイツ共産党から,翌年には国際精神分析学会からも除名される。1939年の米国亡命のころより精神に変調をきたし,〈オルゴン・エネルギー〉なる宇宙エネルギーの存在を主張。これを集める金属性の〈オルゴン・ボックス〉に入ると性障害が治るなどと称して販売したが,薬事法違反に問われ,不遇のうちに獄死。1960年代後半以降の対抗文化の高まりの中で再評価された。他の著書に《ファシズムの大衆心理》(1933年),《性と文化の革命》(1945年)などがある。

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