Sandfeld, K.

...In terms of spiritual life, in addition to the various animist beliefs that existed in folk beliefs before the adoption of Christianity (for example, the belief in a spirit that predicts the fate of a child on the second day after birth), Balkan characteristics can also be seen in the sense of justice to help the weak, as expressed in the legends of the haiduks (righteous thieves) that appeared in various parts of the Balkans in the Middle Ages. This commonality also extends to the realm of language, and Kristian Sandfeld (1873-1942), who proposed the new field of Balkan linguistics in his book in 1930, has shown common grammatical and lexical features among Balkan languages. For example, he lists Turkish words that have been borrowed into Balkan languages, such as bahşiş (chip), mahalla (town, suburb), and çoban (shepherd), but what is important is that the range of loanwords extends to military, administrative, and commercial terms as well as words closely related to the lives of the people, such as the names of occupations, food, architecture, furniture, and clothing.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Sandfeld, K." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…精神生活については，キリスト教受容以前からの民間信仰の中のさまざまな精霊信仰(たとえば生後2日目に子どもの運命を宣告する精霊の信仰)のほかに，中世のバルカン各地に出没していたハイドゥク(義賊)の伝説に表現されるような弱者救済の正義感覚にもバルカン的な特色が認められる。　このような共通性は言語の領域にも及び，1930年にその著書でバルカン言語学という新分野を提唱したザンドフェルトKristian Sandfeld(1873‐1942)は，バルカン諸言語間に共通の文法上･語彙上の特色を示している。彼は，たとえばバルカン諸語に借用されたトルコ語の単語をあげ，bahşiş〈チップ〉，mahalla〈町，郊外〉，çoban〈羊飼い〉などを列挙しているが，重要なのは借用語の範囲が，軍事･行政･商業用語をはじめ，職業，食物，建築，家具，衣類の名称など民衆の生活に密着した言葉に及んでいることである。…

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