Abbreviation of United Press International. An American news agency. Headquartered in Washington DC. In addition to English, it also distributes in Arabic and Spanish. Founded in New York in 1907 as UP, a news agency affiliated with Scripps-McRae (later Scripps-Howard). With the motto of breaking news, it competed fiercely with AP, which prided itself on accuracy, and grew into a full-fledged international news agency through its reporting on two world wars. In 1958, it absorbed Hearst's INS (International News Service, founded in 1909) to become UPI. While AP is a cooperative organization run by funds provided by member companies, UPI is a commercial news agency. It has a glorious history, winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1963 for being the first in the world to report on the assassination of President Kennedy, and in 1966, UPI's Japanese photographer Kyoichi Sawada won the same prize for his photos of the Vietnam War. However, as the development of television news led to a decline in the circulation of evening newspapers, which are its main customers, the company's management deteriorated and it fell into a chronic management crisis. It effectively went bankrupt in April 1985. In June 1986 it was bought by Mexican newspaper magnate Mario Vázquez Raña, but after struggling to rebuild due to contracts with major newspapers being terminated, management rights were transferred to the WNW (World News Wire) Group in February 1988. It then went bankrupt for the second time in March 1991. In June 1992, it was bought by a Saudi Arabian-owned television station, but its poor business performance did not improve, and in May 2000, it was bought by News World Communications (NWC), an affiliate of the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity. This was the opportunity for Helen Thomas, a well-known female reporter who had covered eight presidents since the birth of the Kennedy administration, to leave the company. In addition, in January 1949, Miles W. Vaughn, vice president of UPI, and Sekizo Ueda, former president of Dentsu, who dedicated themselves to establishing a global news communication network through Japan-U.S. cooperation, were lost at sea in a sudden gust of wind off the coast of Urayasu in Tokyo Bay. In 1950, with contributions from volunteers in the Japanese and American media communities, the Vaughn International Journalist Award was established (the name was changed to the Vaughn-Ueda Memorial International Journalist Award in 1978). [Kenzo Ohinata] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
United Press Internationalの略。アメリカの通信社。本部はワシントンDC。英語以外にアラビア語、スペイン語でも配信している。1907年、スクリップス・マクレー系(のちスクリップス・ハワード系)の通信社UPとしてニューヨークに誕生。速報をモットーとして、正確さを誇るAPと激しく競争、二度の世界大戦の報道を通じて本格的な国際通信社に成長した。1958年ハースト系のINS(International News Service。1909年創立)を吸収しUPIとなった。APが加盟社の出す資金で運営する協同組合組織であるのに対して、UPIは商業通信社である。1963年にケネディ大統領暗殺を世界に先駆けて報じてピュリッツァー賞を受賞、1966年にはUPI所属の日本人カメラマン沢田教一が、ベトナム戦争の写真で同賞を受賞するなど、輝かしい歴史をもつ。しかし、テレビニュースの発達により主要顧客である夕刊紙の部数が減少するのに伴い経営が悪化し、慢性的な経営危機に陥る。1985年4月に事実上倒産。1986年6月になってメキシコの新聞王マリオ・バスケス・ラーニャにより買収されたものの、有力紙の契約打ち切りなどで再建に悪戦苦闘したあげく、1988年2月WNW(ワールド・ニューズ・ワイヤー)グループに経営権を移譲した。 その後、1991年3月に2回目の倒産。1992年6月に、サウジアラビア資本系のテレビ局に買収されたが、経営不振は改善されず、2000年5月に、世界基督教統一神霊協会傘下のニューズ・ワールド・コミュニケーションズ社(NWC)に買収された。これを機に、ケネディ政権誕生以来、8人の大統領を取材してきた著名な女性記者ヘレン・トーマスも退社した。 なお、日米協力による世界ニュース通信網の確立に献身したUPI通信社副社長マイルズ・W・ボーンと元電通社長上田碩三(せきぞう)が1949年(昭和24)1月、東京湾の浦安沖で突風により遭難したのを惜しみ、日米マスコミ界有志の出資により、1950年に「ボーン国際記者賞」が創設されている(1978年に「ボーン・上田記念国際記者賞」に名称変更)。 [大日向建三] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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