Yamaguchi Prefecture - Yamaguchi

Japanese: 山口[県] - やまぐち

The prefecture at the western end of the Chugoku region. It is located at the westernmost tip of Honshu, facing Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. The prefectural capital is Yamaguchi City. Area: 6,112.30 ^km2 . Population: 1,451,338 (2010). [History] Formerly the land of two provinces, Suo and Nagato, continental culture flowed in through Kitakyushu in ancient times. During the Heian period, it was under the control of the Taira clan, but after their downfall in 1185, the Ouchi clan took control. During the reign of Yoshitaka, the area prospered based on its economic power through trade with Ming and Korea, and was known as the greatest feudal lord in the western part of Japan. In 1551, the Ouchi clan was defeated by the Sue clan, who were succeeded by the Mori clan, who took control and ruled the Bungo and Choshu regions with 369,000 koku of rice, which continued into the Meiji period. In 1871, it became Yamaguchi Prefecture. [Nature] Located at the western end of the Chugoku Mountains, the Kanmuriyama Mountains in the east are over 1000m above sea level, and the rest of the area is hilly, with elevations of around 500m. The mountains are divided by faults, and the Nishiki River, Koto River, Fushino River, and Abu River flow through them, but they are all short, and the lowlands are small except for the Yamaguchi Basin and Iwakuni Plain. Submerged coastlines are well developed, and Oshima Island, Heigun Island, and Kasado Island float in the Seto Inland Sea, and Oumi Island and Mishima Island float in the Sea of Japan. The Seto Inland Sea side is warm and has little rain, with summer evenings, while the inland area is high and cold, with heavy rain and snowfall. [Industry] The population composition by industry was 6.8% in the first period, 26.9% in the second period, and 65.3% in the third period (2005), with a significant decrease in the first period. Agriculture is small-scale, with many part-time farmers. Rice is the main crop, but on the Seto Inland Sea side, vegetables are grown near cities, mandarin oranges are grown on Oshima and other islands, and summer mandarin oranges are grown on the Sea of Japan side. The area around Iwakuni is known for its lotus root production. Livestock and dairy farming are carried out in the mountainous areas. Forestry produces red pine for pulp and bamboo. It was once one of the leading fishing prefectures in the country, but in recent years it has been in decline. Shimonoseki is known for having the largest catch of pufferfish in the country. Fishing ports such as Hagi and Senzaki (Nagato City) on the Sea of Japan side are bases for inshore purse seine fishing, and catch horse mackerel, mackerel, sardines, and other fish. Seafood processing such as kamaboko is also thriving. Shrimp fishing in the Suo-Nada Sea is one of the largest in the country, including farmed shrimp. In mining, the Omine coalfield, which was the largest anthracite coalfield in the country, and the Kawakami mine, which produced sulfide ore, have closed, and the area is now characterized by limestone and marble from Akiyoshidai. The main industrial areas are concentrated along the Seto Inland Sea coast, with shipbuilding, metals, chemicals, and seafood processing in Shimonoseki, chemicals, petrochemicals, and ceramics in Ube and Onoda, automobiles and chemicals in Hofu, machinery, metals, and petrochemicals in Shunan, Kudamatsu, and Hikari, and textiles, pulp, and petrochemicals in Iwakuni, and the areas of Shunan and Hofu are known as the Shunan Industrial Zone. The amount of industrial shipments by prefecture is in the middle of the national average, but it is ranked high per employee. Traditional Hagi ware is famous. There are abundant tourist resources, such as the three quasi-national parks of Setonaikai National Park, Kita-Nagato Coast, Akiyoshidai, and the West Chugoku Mountains, the Kintai Bridge in Iwakuni, Yuda Onsen in Yamaguchi City, and the castle town of Hagi. [Transportation] The Sanyo Main Line, Shinkansen, Sanyo Expressway and National Route 2 along the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Chugoku Expressway inland, and the San'in Main Line and National Route 191 along the Japan Coast are the main routes. The Yamaguchi Line, Mine Line, National Routes 9 and 262 connect San'yo and San'in, the Iwakuni Line, Nishikigawa Railway, and National Route 187 connect to the east, and the Ube Line and Onoda Line connect to the west. Yamaguchi-Ube Airport is in Ube, and Iwakuni Kintaikyo Airport is in Iwakuni.
→ Related topics San'in region | San'yo region | Chugoku region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国地方西端の県。本州最西端にあり，関門海峡を隔てて九州に相対する。県庁所在地は山口市。6112.30km²。145万1338人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての周防(すおう)国，長門国の２国の地で，古代には大陸文化が北九州を経て流入した。平安時代は平氏の支配下にあったが，1185年の平氏滅亡後，大内氏が支配，義隆のとき明や朝鮮との貿易による経済力を基盤に繁栄し，西国一の大名と称された。1551年大内氏は陶(すえ)氏に破れ，陶氏ののち毛利氏が支配，防長36万9000石を領して明治に及んだ。1871年山口県となった。〔自然〕　中国山地西端部にあたり，東部の冠山山地が標高1000mを越えるほかは500m前後の丘陵性山地である。山地は断層によって分断され，錦川，厚東川，椹野(ふしの)川，阿武川などが流れるが，いずれも短く，山口盆地，岩国平野のほかは低地も小規模。沈降海岸が発達，瀬戸内海に大島，平郡島，笠戸島，日本海に青海(おうみ)島，見島などが浮かぶ。瀬戸内海側は温暖少雨で夏季夕なぎがあり，内陸は高冷多雨で積雪がみられる。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次6.8％，第２次26.9％，第３次65.3％（2005）で，第１次の減少が著しい。農業は零細で兼業農家が多い。米作を中心に，瀬戸内海側では都市近郊での蔬菜，大島ほかでのミカン，日本海側ではナツミカンを栽培する。岩国付近はレンコン産地として知られる。山地部では畜産・酪農が行われる。林業ではパルプ用アカマツ，竹材を産す。かつては全国有数の水産県であったが，近年は不振。下関はフグの水揚げ全国一で知られる。日本海側の萩，仙崎（長門市）などの漁港は近海巻網漁の基地でアジ，サバ，イワシなどを漁獲，かまぼこなどの水産加工も盛ん。周防灘でのエビ漁は養殖も含めて全国有数の漁獲量がある。鉱業では全国一の無煙炭田であった大嶺炭田，硫化鉱の河上鉱山が閉山，現在は秋吉台の石灰岩と大理石が特色。主要工業地域は瀬戸内海沿岸に集中し，下関の造船，金属，化学，水産加工，宇部・小野田地区の化学，石油化学，窯業，防府の自動車，化学，周南・下松・光地区の機械，金属，石油化学，岩国の繊維，パルプ，石油化学などがあり，周南，防府などの地区は周南工業地帯と呼ばれている。県別の工業出荷額は全国中位だが，従業員１人当たりでは全国の上位にある。伝統の萩焼は有名。瀬戸内海国立公園，北長門海岸，秋吉台，西中国山地の３国定公園，岩国の錦帯橋，山口市の湯田温泉，城下町の萩など観光資源が豊富。〔交通〕　瀬戸内海沿岸の山陽本線，新幹線，山陽自動車道と国道２号線，内陸部の中国自動車道，日本海岸の山陰本線と国道191号線が幹線をなし，山陽・山陰を結んで山口線，美祢(みね)線，国道９号線と262号線が通じ，東部には岩徳線，錦川鉄道，国道187号線，西部には宇部線，小野田線が通じる。宇部に山口宇部空港が，岩国に岩国錦帯橋空港がある。
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