German ancient historian. Born to a pastor's family in Schleswig. Studied law at the University of Kiel, and later studied epigraphy and archaeology in Italy and France. During the March Revolution of 1848, he was an active debater as a newspaper editor in his hometown. In the same year, he was invited to become a professor at the University of Leipzig, where he lectured on ancient law, but in 1850 he was dismissed due to conflict with the reactionary government. He then moved to the University of Zurich (1852) and the University of Breslau (1854), and from 1858 he taught ancient history at the University of Berlin. Mommsen was unusual for a university professor of his time in that he took a left-wing liberal stance, and as a member of the Prussian State Diet (1863-66, 1873-79) and the Imperial Diet (1881-84), he sharply criticized Bismarck. He also confronted Treitschke's nationalistic historiography. In his major work, "History of Rome" (vols. 1-3, 1854-56; the fourth volume was fragmentary and incomplete; the fifth volume, 1885), his political experiences were transformed into dynamic prose that fascinated readers, and for this he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in later years (1902). Furthermore, with the help of many collaborators he edited "Collection of Latin Inscriptions," "Public Law of Rome" (3 volumes, 1871-88), "Penal Law of Rome" (1889), and other works, he established his position as a historian who laid the foundation stone for modern research into Roman history after Niebuhr. [Kitani Tsutomu] "German Historians, Vol. 1" edited by Wöhler and translated by the Society for the Study of Contemporary German History (Miraisha, 1982) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの古代史家。シュレスウィヒの牧師の家に生まれる。キール大学で法律を学び、のちイタリア、フランスで碑文学、考古学の研鑽(けんさん)を積む。1848年の三月革命では、郷里の新聞編集者として活発な論陣を張った。同年ライプツィヒ大学教授に招かれ、古代法を講義したが、50年反動的な政府と対立して罷免された。その後チューリヒ大学(1852)、ブレスラウ大学(1854)と移り、58年以降ベルリン大学で古代史を担当。モムゼンは当時の大学教授としては珍しく左派自由主義の立場にたち、プロイセン邦議会議員(1863~66、1873~79)、帝国議会議員(1881~84)としてビスマルクを鋭く批判。またトライチュケの国家主義的歴史学とも対決した。主著『ローマ史』(一~三巻・1854~56、第四巻は断片で未完、第五巻・1885)では、彼の政治的体験が躍動する文章となって読者を魅了し、このため後年(1902)ノーベル文学賞を受賞した。また多数の協力者を得て編集した『ラテン碑文集成』、『ローマ公法』(三巻・1871~88)、『ローマ刑法』(1889)その他の業績は、ニーブールのあと、近代におけるローマ史研究の礎石を据えた歴史家としての地位を不動のものとした。 [木谷 勤] 『ヴェーラー編、ドイツ現代史研究会訳『ドイツの歴史家 第一巻』(1982・未来社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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