When a moving point P moves around a fixed point O, the rate of change of the area S formed by the moving radius is called the time rate of change dS / dt . It is also called the sector velocity. In the case of planar motion, if the point O is the origin and the polar coordinates of the moving point P are ( r , θ), the areal velocity is given by the following equation: When a planet moves in an elliptical orbit due to the gravitational force toward the Sun, its areal velocity around the Sun is constant (→ Kepler's law). In general, areal velocity is a vector, and when the position vector of the moving point with respect to the origin O is r and its velocity is v , the areal velocity is given by the following equation: Here, m is the mass of the moving point, and l is r × m v , which is the angular momentum relative to the origin. When a moving point moves due to an arbitrary central force passing through the origin O, its areal velocity dS / dt is constant regardless of time t , which is called the conservation law of areal velocity. This conservation law has the same meaning as the conservation law of angular momentum l . Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
動点 P が定点 O のまわりを周回運動するとき,動径 がつくる面積 S の時間変化率 dS/dt をいう。扇形速度ともいう。平面運動の場合には,点 O を原点として動点 P の極座標を (r,θ) とすれば,面積速度は次式で与えられる。 惑星が太陽に向う万有引力を受けて楕円軌道を運動するとき,太陽のまわりの面積速度は一定である (→ケプラーの法則 ) 。一般に,面積速度はベクトルであって,原点 O に関する動点の位置ベクトルを r ,速度を v とするとき,面積速度は次式で与えられる。 ここで,m は動点の質量,l は r×mv で,原点に関する角運動量である。動点が原点 O を通る任意の中心力を受けて運動するとき,その面積速度 dS/dt は時間 t に関係なく一定であり,これを面積速度の保存則という。この保存則は角運動量 l の保存則と同じ意味をもつ。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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