Georges Méliès

Japanese: メリエス - めりえす(英語表記)Georges Méliès
Georges Méliès

A French filmmaker active in the early days of cinema. Born in Paris on December 8th, he died there on January 21st. A fan of magic, he bought the Robert-Houdin Theatre in Paris in 1888 to perform magic tricks and fantasy plays, but in December 1995, he saw the Lumiere Brothers' Cinematograph, the first to be shown to the public for a fee, and became interested in film. He began filming the following year, and in 1997 built the world's first studio on the outskirts of Paris, where he produced, directed, scripted, and produced art, and sometimes even acted in many of his works.

In contrast to the Lumieres, who focused on live action, he used a wide variety of tricks, such as "still shots" and "superimpositions," which he discovered by chance, to depict fantastical worlds, and is considered the father of narrative film. However, his ideas were fundamentally theatrical, and he grew tired of repeating the same techniques, so he fell into a rapid decline around 1910 and was poorly off in his later years. His representative works include "A Trip to the Moon" and "Gulliver's Travels" (both 1902), and "The Kingdom of the Fairies" (1903).

[Kiyoshi Takeda]

Documents List of Director's Works

A trip to the moon Le voyage dans la lune (1902)
Gulliver's Travels (1902)
The Kingdom of the Fairies (1903)
Cinderella Cendrillon ou La pantoufle merveilleuse (1912)
The Knight of the Snowy Mountains (1913)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

映画創成期に活躍したフランスの映画製作者。12月8日パリに生まれ、1月21日同地に没。奇術を愛好し、1888年にパリのロベール・ウーダン劇場を買い取って奇術や夢幻劇を上演していたが、1995年12月、初めて有料で一般に公開されたリュミエール兄弟のシネマトグラフを見て映画に注目。翌年から撮影に着手し、1997年にはパリ郊外に世界最初のスタジオを建設、そこで自ら製作、監督、脚本、美術、そしてときには出演をも兼ねた多数の作品を生み出した。

 彼は、実写を中心としたリュミエールとは対照的に、偶然発見した「止め写し」や「重ね写し」などの豊富なトリックを駆使して空想的世界を描き出し、物語映画の父ともみなされている。しかし、彼の発想は根本的に演劇的であり、また同じ手法の繰り返しが飽きられたこともあって、1910年ころを境に急速に不振となり、晩年は不遇であった。代表作に『月世界旅行』『ガリバー旅行記』(ともに1902)、『妖精(ようせい)の王国』(1903)など。

[武田 潔]

資料 監督作品一覧

月世界旅行 Le voyage dans la lune(1902)
ガリバー旅行記 Le voyage de Gulliver à Lilliput et chez les géants(1902)
妖精の王国 Le royaume des fées(1903)
シンデレラ Cendrillon ou La pantoufle merveilleuse(1912)
雪山の騎士 Le chevalier des neiges(1913)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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