Horse-theater - Umashibai

Japanese: 馬芝居 - うましばい

A tent performance where all the performers ride horses and perform dances and plays. It is also called kiyokuba. In the Muromachi period, Sarugaku Noh was performed with real horses and real armor, and was called Tonomine-sama, but in the early modern period, Kabuki Kyogen and kyokuri were performed. The Ueki Shinzo troupe, which performed in Naniwa-Shinchi in 1769 (Meiwa 6), performed 25 pieces including "Sanbaso" and "Tomomori," but "Ichinotani Gassen" and "Shiobara Tasuke" were considered popular pieces. It was performed nationwide from the 1890s to the mid-Taisho period, but was replaced by Western equestrian troupes and naturally disappeared.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

すべての演者が馬に乗り，踊りや芝居を見せる小屋掛け興行。曲馬（きよくば）ともいう。室町時代には実馬実甲冑による猿楽能が演じられ，多武峰様（とうのみねよう）と呼ばれたが，近世には歌舞伎狂言や曲乗りが演じられた。1769年(明和6)難波新地で興行した植木新蔵一座は《三番叟》《知盛》など25曲を上演しているが，《一の谷合戦》や《塩原多助》が人気曲とされた。明治30年代から大正中ごろにかけて全国的に興行されたが，西洋曲馬団にとって代わられ自然消滅した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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