...The capital was later moved to Shravasti in the north. Around the 6th century BCE, Kosala was one of the "Sixteen Great Kingdoms," but it eventually annexed the neighboring Kāśī Kingdom (whose capital was Varanasi) to the south, and came to compete with Magadha, a great kingdom to the southeast, for supremacy in the middle reaches of the Ganges River. When Buddha was preaching, the kingdom was under the rule of King Prasenajit. From [The Sixteen Great Countries]…The term mahājanapada translates to “great country,” with maha meaning “big” and janapada meaning “a place of human habitation.” The names of the countries vary slightly depending on the scriptures, but according to the early Pāli Buddhist scriptures, they are Aṅga, Magadha, Kāsi (Kāsi), Kosala (country), Vajji, Malla, Ceti, Vaṃsa, Kuru, Panchāla, Maccha, Sūrasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhāra, and Kamboja. Most of the countries were in the Ganga (Ganges) River basin, but they also included countries in the northwestern frontier regions such as Gandhara and Kamboja, and Assaka in the western Deccan. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Kashi (country name)" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その後,都は北方のシュラーバスティー(舎衛城)に移された。前6世紀ごろコーサラ国は〈十六大国〉の一つに数えられていたが,やがて南隣のカーシーKāśī国(都はワーラーナシー)を併合し,南東方の大国マガダとガンジス川中流域の覇を争うにいたった。ブッダ(仏陀)が布教活動を行っていたころ,この国はプラセーナジット(波斯匿(はしのく))王の治下にあった。… 【十六大国】より…大国とはマハージャナパダmahājanapadaの訳で,マハーは〈大きい〉,ジャナパダは〈人間の居住地〉を意味する。国名は経典によって若干の相違があるが,パーリ語原始仏教経典によれば,アンガAṅga,マガダ,カーシーKāsī(カーシKāsi),コーサラ(国),バッジVajji,マッラ,チェーティCeti,バンサVaṃsa,クル,パンチャーラ,マッチャMaccha,スーラセーナSūrasena,アッサカAssaka,アバンティAvanti,ガンダーラGandhāra,カンボージャKambojaである。ガンガー(ガンジス)川流域諸国が大部分を占めたが,ガンダーラ,カンボージャなどの西北辺境地域,デカン西部のアッサカなどの国々も含まれている。… ※「カーシー(国名)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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