Village ostracism - Murahachibu

Japanese: 村八分 - むらはちぶ

The most prominent practice of severing ties with the family to maintain order in village society. It was imposed on the head of a household or his family by the entire village when he violated the village or group's joint decisions, or the customs of using the common land or the joint agricultural work. "Hachibu" means to reject or to scatter, or it is said to mean that out of the ten types of social interactions in the village (ceremonies, weddings, funerals, construction, fires, illnesses, floods, travel, childbirth, and anniversaries), it cuts off contact with the family in eight cases, excluding fires and funerals. It means that assistance will not be provided to the family, and they will be barred from using the village's common property and from attending village meetings. When a person is barred from social interactions, their life as a communal living entity in the village will be restricted, so a greeting is made to ask them to return to social interactions, which is called "wabi ire." As agricultural management became more modern, and each household was able to make a living independently, this practice became less common.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

村社会の秩序を維持するため，制裁として最も顕著な慣行であった絶交処分のこと。村全体として戸主ないしその家に対して行なったもので，村や組の共同決定事項に違反するとか，共有地の使用慣行や農事作業の共同労働に違反した場合に行われる。「八分」ははじく，はちるの意とも，また村での交際である冠・婚・葬・建築・火事・病気・水害・旅行・出産・年忌の 10種のうち，火事，葬を除く8種に関する交際を絶つからともいわれ，その家に対して扶助を行わないことを決めたり，村の共有財産の使用や村寄合への出席を停止したりする。八分を受けると，共同生活体としての村での生活は不自由になるため，元どおり交際してもらう挨拶が行われるが，これを「わびを入れる」という。農業経営の近代化に伴い，各戸が一応独立的に生計が立てられるようになってからは，あまり行われなくなった。

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