Manhole (English spelling)

Japanese: マンホール（英語表記）manhole

An entrance for people to inspect, repair, clean, etc. underground culverts, sewer pipes, boilers, water tanks, etc. In sewer pipes, they are also used for ventilation and pipe connections, and are installed at points where the pipe diameter, slope, or direction changes, at the beginning of the pipe, at intersections, branching points, and intersections, as well as in the middle of long straight sections. They are circular, square, or oval in shape, and are made of stacked concrete products or bricks, as well as reinforced concrete. The bottom is finished in the same shape as the bottom of the pipe, or may be slightly lowered to accommodate sediment. The lids are made of cast iron or reinforced concrete, and come in sealed or lattice types.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

地下暗渠，下水管，ボイラ，貯水タンクなどの検査，修理，掃除などのために設けた人の出入口。下水管では通風，管の連絡にも利用され，管径，勾配，方向の変化点，管の起点，交差点，分岐点，会点のほか，長い直線部の中間に設置する。形状は，円形，正方形，または小判形で，コンクリート製品や煉瓦を積重ねたもののほか，鉄筋コンクリート造もある。底は管底と同様な形に仕上げるか，沈殿物を収容するために少し下げる場合もある。ふたは鋳鉄や鉄筋コンクリートで造り，密閉型と格子型がある。

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