Mantle

Japanese: マントル(英語表記)mantle
Mantle
A classification of the Earth's interior, the intermediate layer between the crust and the core. The part of the Earth between the Mohorovicic discontinuity, which is about 35 km deep under the continents and 5-10 km deep under the oceans, and the upper surface of the core, which is 2,900 km deep. Its volume accounts for 83% of the Earth's mass. It is composed of peridotite, whose main components are silicon, magnesium, and iron. Between 410 and 660 km deep, there is a layer where the speed of seismic waves increases rapidly, which corresponds to the change in the crystal structure of peridotite with pressure. This layer is called the transition zone, and the part shallower than this (which may include the transition zone) is called the upper mantle, and the part deeper than 660 km is called the lower mantle. The density of the top of the mantle is about 3.4 g/ cm3 , and increases with depth, reaching about 5.6 g/ cm3 at the bottom. The temperature is about 500°C at the top, increases with depth, and is estimated to be 4,000°C near the boundary with the core. Although the mantle is solid, it also has the property of flowing extremely slowly. The area up to a depth of about 100 km, including the crust, is called the lithosphere, which is difficult to flow, the rest of the upper mantle below that is called the asthenosphere, which is easy to flow, and the lower mantle below that is called the mesosphere, which is again difficult to flow. (→ Mantle convection)

Mantle
Mantle, Mickey

Born October 20, 1931 in Spavinaw, Oklahoma
[Died] August 13, 1995. American professional baseball player from Dallas, Texas. Full name Mickey Charles Mantle. Known as a powerful switch hitter, he played for the New York Yankees in the American League from 1951 to 1968. He hit 536 home runs in his career, and was the league's home run leader four times, in 1955, 1956, 1958, and 1960. In 1961, he hit a career-high 54 home runs, but missed out on the title when his teammate Roger Maris surpassed Babe Ruth's record for the most home runs in a season. In 1956, he won the triple crown of home run, RBI, and batting title. He played in 12 World Series, hitting 18 home runs, the most in the series. He was named the league's MVP in 1956, 1957, and 1962. After retiring, he worked as a coach for the Yankees and sold life insurance, but in 1983 he was banned from professional baseball by the commissioner at the time for his involvement in public relations activities at a casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The ban was lifted in 1985. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974.

Mantle

Please see the "mantle" page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
地球内部の分類の一つで,地殻と核との中間層。大陸の下では平均約 35km,海洋の下では 5~10kmの深さにあるモホロビチッチ不連続面と,深さ 2900kmにある核の上面の間の地球部分。体積は地球の 83%を占める。ケイ素,マグネシウム,鉄を主成分とする橄欖岩で構成される。深さ 410~660kmの間で地震波の速度が急激に増加する層があり,橄欖岩の結晶構造が圧力とともに変わることに対応している。この層を遷移層と呼び,これより浅い部分(遷移層を含めることもある)を上部マントル,660kmより深い部分を下部マントルという。マントル最上部の密度は 3.4g/cm3程度,深さとともに密度が大きくなり,最下部では 5.6g/cm3程度である。温度は最上部で 500℃程度,深さとともに高くなり,核との境界付近では 4000℃と推定されている。マントルは固体であるが,きわめてゆるやかに流れる性質も持ち合わせている。地殻を含めた深さ 100km程度まではリソスフェアと呼ばれる流れにくい領域で,その下にある上部マントルの残りの部分はアセノスフェアと呼ばれる流れやすい領域,さらにその下の下部マントルはメソスフェアと呼ばれ,再び流れにくい性質の領域になる。(→マントル対流)

マントル
Mantle, Mickey

[生]1931.10.20. オクラホマ,スパビノー
[没]1995.8.13. テキサス,ダラス
アメリカ合衆国のプロ野球選手。フルネーム Mickey Charles Mantle。強力なスイッチヒッター(左右両打ち打者)として知られる。1951~68年アメリカンリーグのニューヨーク・ヤンキーズでプレー。通算 536本塁打を残し,1955,1956,1958,1960年の 4度にわたりリーグ本塁打王に輝いた。1961年に自己最多の 54本塁打を放ったが,チームメートのロジャー・マリスがベーブ・ルースの記録を上回るシーズン最多本塁打を達成したためタイトルは逃した。1956年には本塁打王,打点王,首位打者の三冠を達成。ワールドシリーズには 12回出場し,シリーズ最多記録となる 18本塁打を放った。1956,1957,1962年にはリーグ最優秀選手 MVPに選ばれている。引退後はヤンキーズのコーチや生命保険の販売などを手がけたが,1983年,ニュージャージー州アトランティックシティーのカジノで広報活動にかかわったという理由で,当時のコミッショナーによりプロ野球界から追放された。この処分は 1985年に解除されている。1974年野球殿堂入りを果たした。

マントル

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出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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